the campaign early in this year, and
penetrated within one hundred miles of St. Petersburg. Alarmed at the
approach of her enemies, the czarina sent 10,000 Russians, under the
command of General Ingelstrom, to obstruct their progress. Ingelstrom
attacked the Swedes in their lines at Karnomkoksi, on the Saima Lake,
but he was defeated with the loss of 2000 men. Gustavus still advanced,
while his fleet, under the Duke of Suclermania, sailed up the Gulf
of Finland, penetrated into the harbour of Revel, in the hope of
demolishing that great naval arsenal, and a division of the Russian
fleet which lay at anchor in that harbour. He was frustrated by a storm,
and, subsequently, he was twice attacked by Russian squadrons, which on
both occasions enclosed his fleet; but each time he extricated himself
from danger, though with great loss cf ships and men. Having recruited
his shattered forces, Gustavus took the command of the fleet himself,
and having encountered a large Russian fleet, after a bloody battle,
which lasted two days, he gained a decisive victory. This defeat alarmed
the czarina, and being abandoned by Austria and threatened by England
and Prussia, she entered into negociation with Gustavus, and by the
month of August a treaty of peace was concluded between them. By this
treaty those of Abo and Nystad were confirmed; each power was to retain
what it possessed before the war; and Sweden renounced all claim to
the possessions which had once belonged to it, and which it had overrun
during the present war. Russia also granted permission to export grain
from Livonia; and it was mutually agreed to appoint commissioners
to settle in an amicable manner the line of frontier between the two
countries: the two courts further promised themselves that they should
strengthen their connexion by a close alliance, and agreed to forget
what was past.

In Paris, during this year, the national assembly pursued its
legislative labours. All ecclesiastical possessions had, at the close of
the preceding year, been declared national property, and the reformers
soon after laid their hands on the domains of the crown: with the
exception of some castles, which were to be left to the king, the rest
were transferred to the state. To facilitate the sale of the possessions
of the crown and the church, paper money was created, which was at first
ordered to last only six years, but which was subsequently declared
current money--as good as gold. Thes