the
Chairman rising to put the question, as, until both the affirmative

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and negative are put, a member can claim the floor, and re-open debate
[see Sec. 38]. Debate can be closed by the following motions, which are
undebatable [Sec. 35], and, except to Lie on the Table, shall require a
two-thirds* [In Congress, where each speaker can occupy the floor one
hour, any of these motions to cut off debate can be adopted by a mere
majority. In ordinary societies harmony is so essential, that a
two-thirds vote should be required to force the assembly to a final vote
without allowing free debate.] vote for their adoption [Sec. 39]:

(a) An objection to the consideration of a question [only allowable
when the question is first introduced, Sec. 15], which, if sustained, not only
stops debate, but also throws the subject out of the assembly for that
session [Sec. 42]; which latter effect is the one for which it was
designed.

(b) To lie on the table [Sec. 19], which, if adopted, carries the
question to the table, from which it cannot be taken without a majority
favors such action.

(c) The previous question [Sec. 20], which has the effect of requiring
all the questions before the assembly [excepting as limited in Sec. 20] to
be put to vote at once without further debate. It may be applied merely
to an amendment or to an amendment of an amendment.

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(d) For the assembly to adopt an order (1) limiting debate upon a
special subject, either as to the number or length of the speeches; or
(2) closing debate upon the subject at a stated time, when all pending
questions shall be put to vote without further debate. Either of these
two measures may be applied only to a pending amendment, or an amendment
thereto, and when this is voted upon, the original question is still
open to debate and amendment.

Art. VI. Vote.
[Sec.Sec. 38-39.]

38. Voting. Whenever from the nature of the question it permits of no
modification or debate, the Chairman immediately puts it to vote; if the
question is debatable, when the Chairman thinks the debate has been
brought to a close, he should inquire if the assembly is ready for the
question, and if no one rises he puts the question to vote. There are
various forms for putting the question, in use in different parts of the
country. The rule