include the supervision of road building and repairs, building
repairs, transportation, paying the labor, and the supervision of
section accounts.

[Illustration: OPEN-AIR DRYING GROUNDS ON A WEST JAVA ESTATE

The beans are being turned by native Sudanese men and women]

[Illustration: INTERIOR OF A MODERN COFFEE FACTORY IN EAST JAVA

Showing pulping machinery and fermentation tanks]

[Illustration: PREPARING JAVA COFFEE FOR THE MARKET]

The factory includes a water-power plant delivering, through an
American water wheel and by cable, 250 horse-power to the main
shafting, an auxiliary steam plant of 150 horse-power as a reserve,
a rubber mill, a coffee mill, three sisal-stripping machines,
smoke-houses, drying fields and houses for sisal, drying floors and
houses for coffee, sorting rooms, blacksmith shop, machine shop,
brass-fitting foundry, packing houses, warehouses, and other
equipment. The factory is in charge of a first assistant, who is a
machinist, with a European staff consisting of a machinist and an
apprentice assistant.

The chief garden assistant is paid 350 to 400 florins, and the
garden assistants start at 200 florins per month, with graduated
yearly increases up to 300 florins per month (florin=$0.40). The
chief factory assistant receives 300 florins, and the machinist and
bookkeeper 250 florins each.

The mandoer in charge of the air and kiln drying of coffee gets 25
florins per month, and the mandoer at the coffee mill 20 florins. A
woman mandoer in charge of the coffee sorters receives 0.50 florin
per day and 0.01 florin each for sewing the bags. This woman
supervises all the sorters, fixes their status, and inspects their
work. Unskilled labor (male) receives 0.40 florin per day in the
coffee sheds, and the women sorters are paid 0.50 florin per picul
of 136 pounds, measured before sorting. These women are graded into
three classes--those who can sort 1 picul in a day, those who can
sort three-fourths of a picul, and those who can sort but one-half
of a picul in a day. Some of these women become very expert in
sorting, and the quality of the output of a factory is largely
dependent on an ample supply of expert sorters. Many years are
required to develop an adequate personnel for this department.

[Illustration: COFFEE TRANSPORT IN JAVA]