in Turkey, and brought home with him from Ragusa, in
Dalmatia, Pasqua Rosee, an Armenian or Greek youth, who prepared the
beverage for him. "But the novelty thereof," says Oldys, "drawing too
much company to him, he allowed the said servant with another of his
son-in-law to set up the first coffee house in London at St. Michael's
Alley, in Cornhill."

From this it would appear that Pasqua Rosee had as partner in this
enterprise, the Bowman, who, according to Aubrey, was coachman to Mr.
Hodges, the son-in-law of Mr. Edwards, and a fellow merchant traveler.

Oldys tells us that Rosee and Bowman soon separated. John Timbs
(1801-1875), another English antiquary, says they quarreled, Rosee
keeping the house, and his partner Bowman obtaining leave to pitch a
tent and to sell the drink in St. Michael's churchyard.

Still another version of this historic incident is to be found in
_Houghton's Collection_, 1698. It reads:

It appears that a Mr. Daniel Edwards, an English merchant of
Smyrna, brought with him to this country a Greek of the name of
Pasqua, in 1652, who made his coffee; this Mr. Edwards married one
Alderman Hodges's daughter, who lived in Walbrook, and set up
Pasqua for a coffee man in a shed in the churchyard in St. Michael,
Cornhill, which is now a scrivener's brave-house, when, having
great custom, the ale-sellers petitioned the Lord Mayor against him
as being no freeman. This made Alderman Hodges join his coachman,
Bowman, who was free, as Pasqua's partner; but Pasqua, for some
misdemeanor, was forced to run the country, and Bowman, by his
trade and a contribution of 1000 sixpences, turned the shed to a
house. Bowman's apprentices were first, John Painter, then Humphry,
from whose wife I had this account.

This account makes it appear that Edwards was Hodges' son-in-law.
Whatever the relationship, most authorities agree that Pasqua Rosee was
the first to sell coffee publicly, whether in a tent or shed, in London
in or about the year 1652. His original shop-bill, or handbill, the
first advertisement for coffee, is in the British Museum, and from it
the accompanying photograph was made for this work. It sets forth in
direct fashion: "The Vertue of the _COFFEE_ Drink First publiquely made
and sold in England, by _Pasqua Rosee_ ... in St. _Michaels Alley_ in
_Cornhill_ ... at the Signe of his own Head."[68]

H.R. Fox Bourne[69] (about 1870) is a