e times as much
Honey, and stirre it well together: Then add thereunto powder of
Turkish Cophie, to make it a thick Electuary.

A little consideration will convince any one that the electuary was most
likely to achieve the purpose for which it was recommended.

[Illustration: THE FIRST NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT FOR COFFEE--1657]

Another concoction invented by the "judge" was known as "wash-brew",
and included oatmeal, powder of "cophie", a pint of ale or any wine,
ginger, honey, or sugar to please the taste; to these ingredients butter
might be added and any cordial powder or pleasant spice. It was to be
put into a flannel bag and "so keep it at pleasure like starch." This
was a favorite medicine among the common people of Wales.

The book contained in a prefix an interesting historical document in the
shape of a letter from James Howell (1595-1666) the writer and
historiographer, which read:

Touching coffee, I concurre with them in opinion, who hold it to be
that black-broth which was us'd of old in Lacedemon, whereof the
Poets sing; Surely it must needs be salutiferous, because so many
sagacious, and the wittiest sort of Nations use it so much; as they
who have conversed with Shashes and Turbants doe well know. But,
besides the exsiccant quality it hath to dry up the crudities of
the Stomach, as also to comfort the Brain, to fortifie the sight
with its steem, and prevent Dropsies, Gouts, the Scurvie, together
with the Spleen and Hypocondriacall windes (all which it doth
without any violance or distemper at all.) I say, besides all these
qualities, 'tis found already, that this Coffee-drink hath caused a
greater sobriety among the nations; for whereas formerly
Apprentices and Clerks with others, used to take their mornings'
draught in Ale, Beer or Wine, which by the dizziness they cause in
the Brain, make many unfit for business, they use now to play the
Good-fellows in this wakefull and civill drink: Therefore that
worthy Gentleman, Mr. Mudiford[74], who introduced the practice
hereof first to London, deserves much respect of the whole nation.

The coffee drink at one time was mixed with sugar candy, and also with
mustard. In the coffee houses, however, it was usually served black;
"few people then mixed it with either sugar or milk."

_Fantastic Coffee Claims_

One can not fail to note in connection with the