68: The details of Pachtussov's voyages are taken partly
from von Baer's work already quoted, partly from Carl Svenske,
_Novaya Zemlya_, &c., St. Petersburg, 1866 (in Russian, published at
the expense of M.K. Sidoroff), and J. Spoerer, _Nowaja Semlae in
geographischer, naturhistorischer und volkswirthschaftlicher
Beziehung, nach den Quellen bearbsitet_. Ergaenz-Heft. No. 21 zu
Peterm. _Geogr. Mittheilungen_, Gotha, 1867. ]

[Footnote 169: _Bulletin scientifique publie par l'Academie Imp. de
St. Petersburg_, t. ii. (1837), p. 315; iii. (1838), p. 96, and
other places. ]

[Footnote 170: Paul von Krusenstern, _Skizzen aus sienem
Seemannsleben. Seinen Freunden gewidmet_. Hirschberg in Silesia,
without date. ]

[Footnote 171: Information regarding the mode of life of the Russian
hunters on the coasts of Spitzbergen is to be found in P.A. le Roy,
_Relation des avantures arrivees a quatre matelots Russes, &c._
1766; Tschitschagov's _Reise nach dem Eismeer_, St. Petersburg,
1793; John Bacstrom, _Account of a voyage to Spitzbergen_, 1780,
London, 1808 (as stated; I have not seen this work); B.M. Keilhau,
_Reise i Oest og Vest Finmarken, samt til Beeren-Eiland og
Spetsbergen i Aarene 1827 og 1828_, Christiania, 1831; A. Erman,
_Archiv fuer wissenschastliche Kunde von Russland_, Part 13 (1854),
p. 260; K. Chydenius, _Svenska expeditionen till Spetsbergen 1861_
(p. 435); Duner and Nordenskioeld, _Svenska Expeditioner till
Spetsbergen och Jan Mayen 1863 och 1864_ (p. 101). ]

[Footnote 172: Before 1858 there is to be found in Petermann's
_Mittheilungen_ only a single notice of the Norwegian Spitzbergen
hunting, the existence of which was at the time probably known to no
great number of European geographers. ]

[Footnote 173: The first account of this voyage was published in
_Oefversigt af Svenska Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar_, 1870,
p. 111. ]

[Footnote 174: _Athenoeum_, 1869, p. 498. Petermann's
_Mittheilungen_, 1869, p. 391. ]

[Footnote 175: Palliser's game consisted of 49 walruses, 14 Polar
bears and 25 seals; that of the working hunters was many times
greater. All the vessels which went from Tromsoe that year captured
805 walruses, 2,302 seals, 53 bears, &c. ]

[Footnote 176: Sidoroff too started in 1869 on a north-east voyage
in a steamer of his own, the _George_. However, he only reached the
Petchora, and the statement that went the round of the press, that
the _George_ actually reached the Ob, is thus one