te animals, viz. when in 1873, as has already been
stated (p. 110), I found a large number of dead rotges on the
ice at the mouth of Hinloopen Strait. ]

[Footnote 191: I use this name because the ash-rain of March 1875
was first observed at Haga palace near Stockholm, and thus at the
outer limit of the known area of distribution of the dust. It was
first through the request which in consequence of this observation
was published in the newspapers, that communications regarding
singular observations in other quarters should be sent to the
Swedish Academy of Sciences, that it became known that a similar
rain had about the same time taken place over a very large part of
middle Sweden and Norway. The dust however did not fall evenly, but
distributed in spots, and at several different times. The distance
from Stockholm of the volcanoes, where the outbreak took place, is
nearly 2000 kilometres. ]

[Footnote 192: Namely, by showing that the principal material of the
plutonic and volcanic rocks is of cosmic origin, and that the
phenomena of heat, which occur in these layers, depend on chemical
changes to which the cosmic sediment, after being covered by thick
terrestrial formations, is subjected. ]

[Footnote 193: Dr. Kjellman has given the following list of the
flowering plants collected by him in this region:--

Cineraria frigida RICHARDS.
Potentilla emarginata PURSH.
Saxifraga stellaris L. f. comosa.
Saxifraga nivalis L.
Saxifraga cernua L.
Saxifraga rivularis L.
Chrysosplenium alternifolium L.
Cardamine bellidifolia L.
Draba corymbosa R. BR.
Papaver nudicaule L.
Ranunculus pygmaeus WG.
Ranunculus hyperboreus ROTTB.
Ranunculus sulphureus SOL.
Stellaria Edwardsii R. BR.
Cerastium alpinum L.
Alsine macrocarpa FENZL.
Salix polaris WG.
Poa arctica R. BR.
Arctophila peudulina (LAEST.) ANDS.
Catabrosa algida (Sol.) FR.
Colpodium latifolium R. BR.
Dupontia Fisheri R. BR.
Pleuropogon Sabini R. BR.
Aira caespitosa L.
Hierochloa pauciflora R. BR.
Calamagrostis lapponica (WG.) HN.
Alopecurus alpinus SM.
Eriophorum angustifolium ROTH.
Eriophorum Scheuchzeri HOPPE.
Carex aquatilis WG.
Carex rigida GOOD.
Juncus biglumis L.
Luzula hyperborea R. BR.
Luzula arctica BL. ]

[Footnote 194: _H. Mohn._ Die Insel Einsamkeit, &c., with a map
(Petermann's _Mittheilungen_, 1879, p. 57). ]

[Footnote 195: This has been doubted by Russian geographers. Von
Baer for instance says:--

"Darube