ve renewed vitality to the combination of England, Russia,
Prussia, and Sweden against France and Denmark.

In America, eight hundred Americans were captured by the British at
Frenchtown, in Michigan. At sea, the American Hornet, Captain Lawrence,
sunk the Peacock; the Hazard captured the British frigate Albion, but the
Shannon took the American frigate Chesapeake, killing Captain Lawrence,
who said as he died: "Don't give up the ship!" The Enterprise captured the
British brig Boxer. On Lake Erie, September 12, Commodore Perry fought the
famous battle which he thus reported: "We have met the enemy and they are
ours; two ships, two brigs, one schooner, and one sloop." General Harrison
put an end to the Creek rebellion by his victory at Fort Malden.

Austria joined the allies against France, and Moreau, hero of Hohenlinden,
and Bernadotte sided against their old leader, Napoleon. At Dresden
(August 26, 27) Napoleon won his last great victory; Moreau was killed. At
Wahlstatt, Bluecher routed the French, and Ney met disaster at Dennewitz.
King Jerome Bonaparte was forced to flee from Westphalia. Bavaria refused
longer to support Napoleon. The campaign in Germany culminated in the
great battle of Leipzig, fought October 16 to 19, in which four hundred
thousand Germans and Russians totally defeated two hundred thousand
Frenchmen, killing or capturing nearly half of them, and sweeping Germany
free of invaders. Meanwhile Wellington invaded France from the south, and
Napoleon's empire began to crumble fast. Spain was forever lost to him.
Napoleon dissolved the Corps Legislatif, determined to carry out his plans
for prosecuting the war, and called for a new conscription of three
hundred thousand men.

Cape of Good Hope ceded to the British by the Dutch. George Stephenson
built his first locomotive. The Jesuit order restored by Pius VII.

=RULERS--The same as in the previous year.=

1814

On January 1 Bluecher crossed the Rhine to begin the invasion of France. He
was defeated at Brienne, but won at Rothiere, and with the aid of the
Russians pressed Napoleon hard in a series of battles. In March the allies
won decisive victories at Laon and Arcis-sur-Aube. England, Russia,
Prussia, and Austria bound themselves together for twenty years more,
England agreeing to pay each of the other powers two million pounds;
France was to be reduced to its original boundaries. Napoleon refused the
terms offered him. Marie Louise fled from P