ardinal
Wolsey_, vol. iv. p. 315., among the "Articles" against the Cardinal,
Article XXVII. expressly charges him, "that he took from his son Winter
his income of 2,700l. a-year, applied it to his own use, and gave him
only 200l. yearly to live on." A reference is made in Sir H. Ellis's
_Letters Illustrative of English History_, 2nd Series, vol. ii. p. 70.,
to a letter of Edmund Harvel to Dr. Starkey, dated from Venice, April
1535, in which the writer expresses his obligations to Mr. Winter, for
his "friendly mynde toward him," and begs him to return his thanks.

In Mr. Galt's _Life of Wolsey_ (Appendix IV. p. 424. of Bogue's
edition) will be found a copy of a letter from John Clusy to Cromwell,
in relation to a natural daughter of Wolsey's in the nunnery of
Shaftesbury.]

_Cardinals and Abbots in the English Church._--It may not be generally
known, but the fact is so, that the English church numbers two CARDINALS
and a LORD ABBOT amongst her members. In Whitaker's _Clerical Diary_, under
the head of London Diocese, there is attached to St. Paul's a senior and a
junior cardinal; and in Ireland exists the exempt jurisdiction of Newry and
Mourne, under the government of the Lord Abbot, who is the Earl of
Kilmorey. Can any of your readers give me any information respecting these
officials?

W. J.

[_Cardinal._--The title of cardinal (_cardinalis_) in early times was
frequently applied to any bishop, priest, or deacon holding an official
post. In France there were many cardinal priests: thus, the curate of
the parish of St. John de Vignes is called, in old charters, the
cardinal priest of that parish. There were also cardinal deacons, who
had the charge of hospitals for the poor, and who ranked above the
other deacons. Thus, two of the minor canons of St. Paul's are called
_cardinals of the choir_, whose duties are to preserve order in Divine
service, administer the Eucharist, and officiate at funerals. In former
times, they heard confessions and enjoined penances. (Newcourt's
_Repertorium_, vol. i. p. 233.) It was not till the twelfth century
that the Sacred College of Cardinals was organised; nor was it till
1567 that clergymen were forbidden by Pius V. to assume the title of
cardinal unless appointed by the Pope.

_Lay Abbots._--In early times we frequently find secular persons
denominated "field abbots"