e Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 177.

[165] On two occasions an old bedstead of Spanish type served instead
of the frame.

[166] See p. 315. In some towns the spirits are summoned at different
times during the ceremony, as in _Tangpap_.

[167] See under Idasan, p. 309.

[168] Each with its dormitory for bachelors, and usually for unmarried
girls. See _Jenks_, The Bontoc Igorot, p. 49 (Manila, 1905).

[169] _Combes_, Historia de las islas de Mindanao (Madrid, 1667),
translated by _Blair_ and _Robertson_, Vol. XL, p. 160; Vol. XLVII,
p. 300. _Ling Roth_, Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo,
Vol. II, p. 270, _et seq._(London, 1896).

[170] For description of these villages, see _Cole_, Distribution of
the Non-Christian Tribes of Northwestern Luzon (_Am. Anthropologist_,
Vol. XI, p. 329).

[171] See _Jenks_, The Bontoc Igorot (Manila, 1906).

[172] Twenty years in the Philippines, p. 109 (London, 1853).

[173] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 8.

[174] See _Cole_ and _Laufer_, Chinese Pottery in the Philippines
(Field Museum of Natural History, Vol. XII, No. 1).

[175] Despite frequent assertions to the contrary, the fire syringe
is not used by the Tinguian. It is found among the Tiagan Igorot,
the similarity of whose name has doubtless given rise to the error.

[176] Head-hunting is widespread in this part of the world. It
is found in Assam, in the Solomon Islands, in Borneo, Formosa,
and, it is said, was formerly practiced in Japan. See _Hodson_
(_Folklore,_ June, 1909, p. 109); _Rivers_, History of Melanesian
Society, Vol. II, p. 259 (Cambridge, 1914); _Hose_ and _McDougall_,
Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vols. I-II (London, 1912); _Shinji Ishii_
(_Transactions Japan Soc. of London,_ Vol. XIV, pp. 7, _et seq.)._

[177] See _Worcester_, The Non-Christian Tribes of Northern Luzon
(_Philippine Journal of Science,_ Vol. I, p. 824, Manila, 1906).

[178] See _Blair_ and _Robertson_, The Philippine Islands, Vols. V,
p. 137; XXI, p. 140; XXXIV, p. 377; XL, pp. 80-81; XLVII, p. 313;
XLVIII, p. 57. _Cole_, Distribution of the Non-Christian Tribes
of Northwestern Luzon _(Am. Anth_., N. S., Vol. XI, 1909, p. 340);
_Cole_, The Wild Tribes of Davao District, Mindanao (pub. Field Museum
of Natural History, Vol. XII No. 2, p. 114, _et seq._).

[179] These are called _soga_. Their use is widespread in the
Philippines, in Malaysia generally, and even extends into upper
Burma. See _Shakespear