_, History of Upper Assam, Upper Burmah and
Northeastern Frontier, pp. 186, _et seq._(London, 1914). _Marsden_,
Hist. of Sumatra, p. 310 (London, 1811).

[180] See _Cole_, Wild Tribes of Davao District (Field Museum of
Nat. Hist., Vol. XII, No. 2, p. 94).

[181] This description is partially taken from the account of _Paul
P. de La Gironiere_, probably the one white man, who has witnessed
this rite (see Twenty Years in the Philippines, p. 108, London, 1853),
and from the stories of many old men, who themselves have participated
in the head-hunts and subsequent celebrations.

[182] See _Cole_, Distribution of the Non-Christian Tribes of
Northwestern Luzon (_Am. Anthropologist_, N. S., Vol. XI, No. 3,
1909, p. 340).

[183] Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 22.

[184] _Jenks_, The Bontoc Igorot, p. 123 (Manila, 1905); _Kroeber_,
The Peoples of the Philippines (Am. Museum Nat. Hist., Handbook Series,
No. 3, p. 165, New York, 1919).

[185] _Egerton_, Handbook of Indian Arms (Wm. Allen and Co., London,
1880), p. 84; _Shakespear_, History of Upper Assam, Burma and
Northeastern Frontier (MacMillan, London, 1914), p. 197, illustration.

[186] This type of snare is used by nearly all Philippine tribes,
and it is also widespread in Malaysia.

[187] The mountain rice is known as _langpadan_, the lowland rice as
pagey (Ilocano _palay_).

[188] This is similar to the method followed in Sumatra. See _Marsden_,
History of Sumatra, 3d ed., pp. 71-72 (London, 1811).

[189] A similar device is employed in Java. See _Freeman_ and
_Chandler_, The World's Commercial Products, p. 36 (Boston, 1911).

[190] The latter is the customary method among the Bontoc Igorot. See
_Jenks_, The Bontoc Igorot, p. 94.

[191] _Raffles_, History of Java, 2d ed., Vol. I, p. 125, also plate
VIII (London, 1820); _Marsden_, _op. cit_., p. 74; _Freeman_ and
_Chandler_, _op. cit_., p. 29. Both Raffles and Marsden consider
this type of plow of Chinese origin. The Tinguian name _alado_
is doubtless a corruption of the Spanish _arado_, but this of course
would not prove that the plow itself was derived from the Spaniards.

[192] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, pp. 195,
_et seq_.

[193] _Munia jagori_ (martens). Locally known as _tikgi_.

[194] Probably the _ophiocephalus_. See _Dean_, _American Museum
Journal_, Vol. XII, 1912, p. 22.

[195] This is the only occasion when men use the bow and arrow.

[196] T