of a group of murderers by whom
the children, or, rather, boys, were killed. This region is _extremely
defective_ in the brains of birds, which are certainly very devoted to
their young. The attachment to children belongs really to an interior
region of the occiput, where the occipital lobes face the median line.
Hence it is that a large occipital development very often coincides
with the love of children; but the true position of the organ renders
it difficult to determine its development in life.

ADHESIVENESS (3d) is located by Spurzheim farther back and lower than
it should be; also, too far back in Gall's map. It belongs to the
vacant space in front of Gall's location.

INHABITIVENESS (5th) is an imaginary definition of the function
located behind Self-esteem. Equally imaginary is the doctrine of the
Edinburgh phrenologists, who call it Concentrativeness. The
observations of Gall led him to regard it as a portion of the organ of
Pride, and as giving to animals a love of lofty locations. Gall was
nearer right than Spurzheim or Combe. The only function I find in this
spot is Self-confidence. The tendencies to a quiet love of home, and
the ability to tranquillize and concentrate the mind, are located,
virtually, above the ear on the temporal arch, the ridge which
separates the lateral from the superior surface of the head.

DESTRUCTIVENESS, the 5th organ of Gall and 1st of Spurzheim, was
located much too high and too far forward by Gall. I am surprised at
this, since it differs so widely from the indications of comparative
anatomy that it is difficult to imagine how Gall was misled. Any one
comparing the skull of a dog with that of a sheep may discover the
error. He called it Murder, or the wish to destroy. Spurzheim, who
does not describe its location, says, "At the beginning Gall placed
the seat of this organ too far behind the ear, but a great number of
observations convinced us that its seat is immediately above the ear."
The truth is that the convolutions which terminate on the temporal
bone over the ear are only on the border of Destructiveness, and
produce only an irritable and impulsive temper. The true
Destructiveness extends fully an inch under the surface of the middle
lobe, along the petrous ridge of the temporal bone, and is manifested
externally just behind the ear by the prominence of the mastoid
process.

COMBATIVENESS (the 6th of Spurzheim, or Courage and Self-defence, the
4th of Gall) is locate