test portion of his mental, religious,
social or industrial development to remote contact with Asia or Europe,
though he were proved to possess identical usages. An example in point
is that of pyramid-building. No ethnical relationship can ever have
existed between the Aztecs and the Egyptians; yet each race developed
the idea of the pyramid tomb through that psychological similarity which
is as much a characteristic of the species man as is his physique.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--J.C. Prichard, _Natural History of Man_ (London, 1843);
T.H. Huxley, _Man's Place in Nature_ (London, 1863); and "Geographical
Distribution of Chief Modifications of Mankind," in _Journal
Ethnological Society_ for 1870; E.B. Tylor, _Early History of Man_
(London, 1865), _Primitive Culture_ (London, 1871), and _Anthropology_
(London, 1881); A. de Quatrefages, _Histoire generale des races
humaines_ (Paris, 1889), _Human Species_ (Eng. trans., 1879); Lord
Avebury, _Prehistoric Times_ (1865, 6th ed. 1900) and _Origin of
Civilization_ (1870, 6th ed. 1902), Theo. Waitz, _Anthropologie der
Naturvolker_ (1859-1871), E.H. Haeckel, _Anthropogenie_ (Leipzig,
1874-1891), Eng. trans., 1879; O. Peschel, _Volkerkunde_ (Leipzig,
1874-1897); P. Topinard, _L'Anthropologie_ (Paris, 1876); _Elements
d'anthropologie generale_ (Paris, 1885); D.G. Brinton, _Races and
Peoples_ (1890); A.H. Keane, _Ethnology_ (1896), and _Man: Past and
Present_ (1899); G. Sergi, _The Mediterranean Race_ (Eng. ed., 1889);
F. Ratzel, _History of Mankind_ (Eng. trans., 1897); G. de Mortillet,
_Le Prehistorique_ (Paris, 1882); A.C. Haddon, _Study of Man_ (1897);
J. Deniker, _The Races of Man_ (London, 1900); W.Z. Ripley, _The Races
of Europe_ (1900, with long bibliography); _The Journal of the
Anthropological Institute of Great Britain_; _Revue d'anthropologie_
(Paris); _Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie_ (Berlin). See also
bibliographies under separate ethnological headings (AUSTRALIA,
AFRICA, ARABS, AMERICA, &c.). (E. B. T.)

ANTHROPOMETRY (Gr. [Greek: anthropos], man, and [Greek: metron],
measure), the name given by the French savant, Alphonse Bertillon (b.
1853), to a system of identification (q.v.) depending on the unchanging
character of certain measurements of parts of the human frame. He found
by patient inquiry that several physical features and the dimensions of
certain bones or bony structures in the body remain practically constant
durin