d 1/2 solder.

If a gas furnace is not on the bench to heat the iron, then a
gasoline furnace is necessary.

Each of the following operations must be done thoroughly to insure
a perfect job:

_First_, with the SAW cut off 12 inches of 1/2-inch AA lead pipe
from the coil. When cutting off a piece of lead pipe from a coil or
reel, always straighten out 1 foot more than is needed. This leaves
1 foot of straight pipe always on the coil.

[Illustration: FIG. 14.--Tools used for making solder joints.]

_Second_, with the flat side of the RASP, square the ends of the
12-inch piece of pipe. (A good way to do this is to hold the pipe
at right angles with the edge of the bench, run the rasp across the
end of the pipe, keeping the rasp _parallel_ with the edge of the
bench. Apply this to all work when necessary to square the ends of
pipe.)

_Third_, cut the pipe with the saw, making two pieces each 6 inches
in length.

_Fourth_, square the ends just cut.

_Fifth_, rasp the edges of one end as shown in the cut. Hold the
work in such a way that the stroke of the rasp can be seen without
moving the pipe.

_Sixth_, take the other 6-inch piece of pipe and with the TURN PIN
spread one end of it. The turn pin must be struck squarely in the
center with the HAMMER, the point of the turn pin being kept in the
center of the pipe. The pipe should be turned after each blow of
the hammer. The pipe must not rest on the bench but should be held
in the hand while using the turn pin. If the pipe bends, it can be
straightened with BENDING IRONS. If the pipe is spread more on one
side than the other, the turn pin should be hit on the opposite
side so as to even the spread.

[Illustration: FIG. 15.]

_Seventh_, when the pipes are properly fitted, moisten the tips of
the fingers with paste and rub the paste on parts of pipe marked
"paste." Put the pipe aside to allow the paste to dry.

_Eighth_, put the soldering iron on to heat.

_Ninth_, with the SHAVE HOOK scrape off the paste and surface dirt
as shown in the figure. The inside of the cup will look bright, but
must be scraped.

[Illustration: FIG. 16.--Cup joint.]

_Tenth_, place the two pieces into position as shown in Fig. 16,
sprinkle rosin on the joint, melt a few drops of solder on the
jo