break off and considerable time
will be lost in correcting the trouble.

POINTS TO REMEMBER.--

_First_, the use of the tap borer.

_Second_, the use of the bending irons.

_Third_, do not allow the bending irons to touch the inside walls
of the pipe when stretching the opening.

_Fourth_, secure the branch into the run.

_Fifth_, secure the pipes into position for wiping.

_Sixth_, spread the heat on the edges and the bottom of the joint.

_Seventh_, wipe with the branch cloth.

_Eighth_, cut the paper.

_Ninth_, mark the outline of the joint.

BRANCH JOINT PLACED FLAT

When the wiper has mastered the branch joint placed at an angle of
45 deg., he can proceed to wipe the joint placed in the next position,
which is flat.

PREPARATION.--The preparation of this joint is identical with the
preceding one placed at an angle of 45 deg. If a new joint is to be
prepared, it would be well to pay strict attention to the details,
such as keeping the paste on the paper only and having the edge of
the paper cut perfectly smooth and even. Before putting on the
paper see that the pipe is free from all grease and dirt. The paste
and paper will stick better if all the dirt is removed. The branch
should be well fitted into the run of the pipe so that no solder
will get into the bore of the pipe. The branch should not extend
into the run of pipe enough to obstruct the bore of it. If the
instructions for preparing the pipe are not carried out as
detailed, the wiper will experience some trouble that he may find
hard to overcome.

SUPPORTING.--The run can be supported on bricks. The branch can be
supported on a brick placed at its end the same height as the run.
This will bring the joint in the correct flat position. The branch
should point away from the wiper. Solder straps can now be poured
over the ends of each pipe. If weights are used to hold the pipe
firm instead of solder straps, they should be so placed that they
will not interfere with the hands when wiping.

WIPING.--The wiping of this joint is more difficult as the beginner
will experience trouble in heating the bottom and keeping the
solder on the bottom. Solder is dropped on the joint and along the
pipe so as to bring the pipe to the proper wiping heat. Some solder
will accumulate on top of the joint. This is melted off on the
catch cloth and this hot solder held against the bottom of the
joint. This operat