and gives us no hint of a general principle that may guide
us.

Section 72. Wundt, in his volume "The Facts of the Moral Life" (N.Y.,
1897), tries to develop an empirical science of ethics independent of
metaphysics; see the Preface.

Compare with this: Martineau's "Types of Ethical Theory" (London,
1885), Preface; T. H. Green's "Prolegomena to Ethics," Introduction;
Muirhead's "The Elements of Ethics" (N.Y., 1892); Mackenzie's "A Manual
of Ethics" (London, 1893); Jodl's "Gesduchte der Ethik" (Stuttgart,
1882), Preface. I give but a few references, but they will serve to
illustrate how close, in the opinion of ethical writers, is the
relation between ethics and philosophy.

CHAPTER XIX, section 74. The student who turns over the pages of
several works on metaphysics may be misled by a certain superficial
similarity that is apt to obtain among them. One sees the field mapped
out into Ontology (the science of Being or Reality), Rational
Cosmology, and Rational Psychology. These titles are mediaeval
landmarks which have been left standing. I may as well warn the reader
that two men who discourse of Ontology may not be talking about the
same thing at all. Bear in mind what was said in section 57 of the
different ways of conceiving the "One Substance"; and bear in mind also
what was said in Chapter V of the proper meaning of the word "reality."

I have discarded the above titles in my "System of Metaphysics,"
because I think it is better and less misleading to use plain and
unambiguous language.

Section 75. See the note to Chapter XVI.

CHAPTER XX, sections 76-77. One can get an idea of the problems with
which the philosophy of religion has to deal by turning to my "System
of Metaphysics" and reading the two chapters entitled "Of God," at the
close of the book. It would be interesting to read and criticise in
class some of the theistic arguments that philosophers have brought
forward. Quotations and references are given in Chapter XXXIV.

CHAPTER XXI, sections 78-79. What is said of the science of logic, in
Chapter XVI, has, of course, a bearing upon these sections. I suggest
that the student examine a few chapters of "The Grammar of Science";
the book is very readable.

CHAPTER XXII, sections 80-82. The reader will find in lectures I and
II in Sir William Hamilton's "Lectures on Metaphysics" a discussion of
the utility of philosophy. It has a pleasant, old-fashioned flavor,
and contains so