ied on the third! When all young quadrupeds, as well as children, have
this natural food of milk prepared for them, the analogy is so strong in
favour of its salubrity, that a person should have powerful testimony
indeed of its disagreeing, before he advises the discontinuance of the use
of it to young children in health, and much more so in sickness. The
farmers lose many of their calves, which are brought up by gruel, or gruel
and old milk; and among the poor children of Derby, who are thus fed,
hundreds are starved into the scrophula, and either perish, or live in a
state of wretched debility.

When young children are brought up without a breast, they should for the
first two months have no food but new milk; since the addition of any kind
of bread or flour is liable to ferment, and produce too much acidity; as
appears by the consequent diarrhoea with green dejections and gripes; the
colour is owing to a mixture of acid with the natural quantity of bile, and
the pain to its stimulus. And they should never be fed as they lie upon
their backs, as in that posture they are necessitated to swallow all that
is put into their mouths; but when they are fed, as they are sitting up, or
raised up, when they have had enough, they can permit the rest to run out
of their mouths. This circumstance is of great importance to the health of
those children, who are reared by the spoon, since if too much food is
given them, indigestion, and gripes, and diarrhoea, is the consequence; and
if too little, they become emaciated; and of this exact quantity their own
palates judge the best.

M. M. In this last case of the diarrhoea of children, the food should be
new milk, which by curdling destroys part of the acid, which coagulates it.
Chalk about four grains every six hours, with one drop of spirit of
hartshorn, and half a drop of laudanum. But a blister about the size of a
shilling is of the greatest service by restoring the power of digestion.
See Article III. 2. 1. in the subsequent Materia Medica.

6. _Salivatio calida._ Warm salivation. Increased secretion of saliva. This
may be effected either by stimulating the mouth of the gland by mercury
taken internally; or by stimulating the excretory duct of the gland by
pyrethrum, or tobacco; or simply by the movement of the muscles, which lie
over the gland, as in masticating any tasteless substance, as a lock of
wool, or mastic.

In about the middle of nervous fevers a great spitting of sal