ht be affected by these medicines taken by the stomach, or
injected into the bladder.

To prevent the increase of a stone in the bladder much diluent drink should
be taken; as half a pint of water warmed to about eighty degrees, three or
four times a day: which will not only prevent the growth of it, by
preventing any microcosmic salts from being precipitated from the urine,
and by keeping the mucus suspended in it; but will also diminish the stone
already formed, by softening, and washing away its surface. To this must be
added cool dress, and cool bed-clothes, as directed above in the calculus
renis.

When the stone is pushed against or into the neck of the bladder, great
pain is produced; this may sometimes be relieved by the introduction of a
bougie to push the stone back into the fundus of the bladder. Sometimes by
change of posture, or by an opiate either taken into the stomach, or by a
clyster.

A dram of sal soda, or of salt of tartar, dissolved in a pint of water, and
well saturated with carbonic acid (fixed air), by means of Dr. Nooth's
glass-apparatus, and drank every day, or twice a day, is the most
efficacious internal medicine yet discovered, which can be easily taken
without any general injury to the constitution. An aerated alcaline water
of this kind is sold under the name of factitious Seltzer water, by J.
Schweppe, at N^o 8, King's-street, Holborn, London; which I am told is
better prepared than can be easily done in the usual glass-vessels,
probably by employing a greater pressure in wooden ones.

Lythotomy is the last recourse. Will the gastric juice of animals dissolve
calculi? Will fermenting vegetable juices, as sweet-wort, or sugar and
water in the act of fermentation with yest, dissolve any kind of animal
concretions?

11. _Calculus arthriticus._ Gout-stones are formed on inflamed membranes,
like those of the kidnies above described, by the too hasty absorption of
the thinner and saline parts of the mucus. Similar concretions have been
produced in the lungs, and even in the pericardium; and it is probable,
that the ossification, as it is called, of the minute arteries, which is
said to attend old age, and to precede some mortifications of the
extremities, may be a process of this kind.

As gout-stones lie near the surface, it is probable, that ether, frequently
applied in their early state, might render them so liquid as to permit
their reabsorption; which the stimulus of the ether might