ge as can be easily borne, once or twice
a day. Along with this method the warm bath should be used for an hour once
or twice a day. After repeated evacuations a clyster, consisting of two
drams of turpentine dissolved by yolk of egg, and sixty drops of tincture
of opium, should be used at night, and repeated, with cathartic medicines
interposed, every night, or alternate nights. Aerated solution of alcali
should be taken internally, and balsam of copaiva, three or four times a
day. Some of these patients recover after having made no water for nine or
ten days.

If a stone sticks in the ureter with incessant vomiting, ten grains of
calomel must be given in small pills as above; and some hours afterwards
infusion of senna and salts and oil, if it can be made to stay on the
stomach. And after the purge has operated four or five times, an opiate is
to be given, if the pain continues, consisting of two grains of opium. If
this does not succeed, ten or twenty electric shocks through the kidney
should be tried, and the purgative repeated, and afterwards the opiate. The
patient should be frequently put into the warm bath for an hour at a time.
Eighty or an hundred drops of laudanum given in a glyster, with two drams
of turpentine, is to be preferred to the two grains given by the stomach as
above, when the pain and vomiting are very urgent.

10. _Calculus vesicae._ Stone of the bladder. The nucleus, or kernel, of
these concretions is always formed in the kidney, as above described; and
passing down the ureter into the bladder, is there perpetually increased by
the mucus and salts secreted from the arterial system, or by the mucus of
the bladder, disposed in concentric strata. The stones found in the bowels
of horses are also formed on a nucleus, and consist of concentric spheres;
as appears in sawing them through the middle. But as these are formed by
the indurated mucus of the intestines alone without the urinary salts, it
is probable a difference would be found on their analysis.

As the stones of the bladder are of various degrees of hardness, and
probably differ from each other in the proportions at least of their
component parts; when a patient, who labours under this afflicting disease,
voids any small bits of gravel; these should be kept in warm solutions of
caustic alcali, or of mild alcali well aerated; and if they dissolve in
these solutions, it would afford greater hopes, that that which remains in
the bladder, mig