ator car and then examined. The results are
most significant.

After 4 days in the ice car it was found that the carefully handled
berries showed only 0.4 per cent. decay, while the commercially handled
fruit had 4.6 per cent. After 8 days in the car the difference was
vastly greater. The carefully handled fruit showed only 2.2 per cent.
decay, but with the commercially handled this percentage had risen to
26.7, or more than one-quarter of the entire shipment. When the fruit
was examined a day after it had been taken out of the ice car, the
evidence was equally strong in favor of careful handling. Carefully
handled fruit that had remained 4 days in the car was found a day after
its withdrawal to show only 1 per cent. of decay against 17.5 per cent.
in commercially handled berries. Carefully handled fruit left in the car
8 days, and then held one day, showed only 8.1 per cent. of decay as
against 47.6 per cent. in commercially handled fruit.

The following year experiments were made with actual shipments instead
of with the stationary refrigerator car, and the results confirmed
previous conclusions. It was found, for example, that there was less
decay in the carefully handled berries at the end of 8 days than in the
commercially handled berries at the end of 4. Carefully handled fruit
that was 4 days in transit, and had then been held one day after
withdrawal from the refrigerator car showed less than 1 per cent of
decay, whereas commercially handled berries subjected to the same test
showed nearly 10 per cent.

Orcharding in Minnesota.

RICHARD WELLINGTON, ASST. HORTICULTURIST, UNIVERSITY FARM, ST. PAUL.

This paper is purposely given a broad title so that it may cover any
questions which come under the head of orcharding. Many of you who have
been pestered with an "Orchard Survey Blank" can easily guess what
subjects are to be taken up. Thanks to many of the members of this
society and other fruit growers for their hearty co-operation, a large
amount of data has been collected from fifty-three counties,
representing most of the districts within the state. As would be
expected certain counties have contributed much more information than
others, probably owing to their greater interest in orcharding. For
example: Thirty-one replies have already been received from Hennepin
County, seven from Goodhue, six from Renville, five each from Houston,
Meeker and Rice, four each from Chippewa, Dakota, Mower, Polk and