e,
four rows of jack pine, four rows of Norway poplar and one row of
willow. Another is one row willow, one of evergreen, one of willow and
one of evergreen.

Various distances between windbreak and orchard were used and
recommended. A large number of orchards were started at about twenty
feet from the windbreak and a few as close as one rod, but these
distances proved to be too close. One grower, however, recommended close
planting and later the removal of a row of trees in the windbreak when
more space was needed. The recommended distances for planting varied
from thirty to 500 feet, although seventy-five to 100 was satisfactory
in most cases.

More details have been given in regard to orchard sites and windbreaks
than many of you are probably interested in, but for one who is planning
to set out an orchard they should prove of value and profit, as they are
based upon the experiences of many of Minnesota's best orchardists.

My Experience with a Young Orchard.

ROY VIALL, SPRING VALLEY.

About ten years ago we acquired some land three and one-half miles north
of Spring Valley. This land is very rough and was originally covered
with heavy timber, in fact, about one-third of our large orchard was
cleared and grubbed out the fall before planting.

When I became interested in fruit growing one of the first things I did
was to join the Horticultural Society and to the knowledge obtained
through this membership we owe in large measure what success has come to
us.

The eighteen acres selected for our main orchard slopes quite abruptly
to the north and northeast. In fact, the slope is so steep that the
ground, if kept under cultivation, would wash badly, and this was the
real reason for seeding down our orchard at the time of planting. The
orchard is now seven years old, and the trees have never had a particle
of cultivation. Part of this ground was in grain and seeded to alsike
and timothy the year before; the balance was the new land referred to,
which we had broken and immediately seeded down to alsike and timothy,
with oats as a nurse crop.

Our first problem was what varieties to plant, in what proportion and
where to buy them. In this we adopted the recommendation of this society
at that time, choosing Wealthy, Duchess, Patten Greening and
Northwestern Greening, with fifty Malinda and fifty Iowa Beauty. We now
have in addition two small orchards with nearly forty varieties
altogether. The varieties, f