the calyx end; they suck the juice from the growing shoots,
dwarfing them; and they cause the leaves to curl, and if the insects are
present in large numbers, to dry up and fall off. They are more
injurious to the growth of young trees than of old trees. In old trees
their chief injuries are on the fruit.

This species of aphids are easily killed in the adult stage by certain
contact sprays. Winter applications of lime sulphur cannot be depended
on to destroy eggs. Poison sprays such as arsenate of lead are not eaten
by this type of insect, and consequently are ineffective remedies for
aphids. Kerosene emulsion is effective but is uncertain in its effect on
the foliage of the trees. The best available sprays are the tobacco
decoctions, of which the one most widely in use is "Black Leaf 40," a
proprietary tobacco extract, made by the Kentucky Tobacco Products
Company, Louisville, Kentucky. This material is used at the rate of one
gallon in one thousand gallons of spray. It may be combined with lime
sulphur, lime sulphur arsenate of lead, Bordeaux, or Bordeaux arsenate
of lead, not with arsenate of lead alone.

The ideal time to spray for these aphids is just as soon as all or
nearly all the eggs appear to have hatched. Observations made in the
University orchards this season indicate that all the eggs hatched
before the blossom buds began to separate. After the leaves expand
somewhat and the blossom buds separate, the aphids are provided with
more hiding places and are more difficult to hit with the spray.
Unfortunately, spraying at this time would require an extra application
in addition to the cluster bud (first summer) spray (made for scab,
curculio, bud moth, spring canker worms, etc.), and would thus add
seriously to the cost of the season's operations. Spraying for aphids at
the time of the cluster bud spray is, however, highly effective, and in
general it is advised that this method be followed. If, however,
previous experience has shown serious losses from aphids, or if they are
present in extremely large numbers, the extra application may be well
worth while.--Ill. Agri. Exp. Station.

Annual Report, 1915, Duluth Trial Station.

C. E. ROWE, SUPT., DULUTH.

[Illustration: A rosa rugosa hybrid rose grown by C. E. Rowe, Duluth.]

Although this was an off year for apples, results were probably as good
here as in other sections of the state. The spring gave promise of an
unusual crop, but the constant d