angraha_, chap. VIII.]

[Footnote 551: Among them may be mentioned Kallata, author of
the _Spanda Karikas_ and Somananda of the Sivadrishti, who
both flourished about 850-900. Utpala, who composed the
Pratyabhijna-karikas, lived some fifty years later, and in the
eleventh century Abhinava Gupta and Kshemaraja composed numerous
commentaries.]

[Footnote 552: Kashmirian Saivism is often called Trika, that is
tripartite, because, like other varieties, it treats of three
ultimates _Siva_, _Sakti_, _Anu_ or _Pati_, _Pasu_, _Pasa_. But it has
a decided tendency towards monism.]

[Footnote 553: Also called the Sakti or Matrika.]

[Footnote 554: See _Epig. Carn._ VII. Sk. 114. 19, 20 and _Jour.
Mythic Society_, 1917, pp. 176, 180.]

[Footnote 555: To say nothing of Sivaite temples like the Kailas at
Ellora, the chief doctrines and even the terminology of Sivaite
philosophy are mentioned by Sankara on Ved. Sutras, II. 2. 37.]

[Footnote 556: In the Samyuktavastu, chap. XL. (transl. in _J.A._
1914, II. pp. 534, etc.) the Buddha is represented as saying that
Kashmir is the best land for meditation and leading a religious life.]

[Footnote 557: Chatterji, _Kashmir Saivism_, p. 11, thinks that
Abhinava Gupta's _Paramarthasara_, published by Barnett, was an
adaptation of older verses current in India and called the Adhara
Karikas.]

[Footnote 558: See Thurston, _Castes and Tribes of southern India_,
s.v. vol. IV. pp. 236-291 and _Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency_,
vol. XXIII. article Bijapur, pp. 219-1884.]

[Footnote 559: An inscription found at Ablur in Dharwar also mentions
Ramayya as a champion of Sivaite monotheism. He is perhaps the same as
Channabasava. The Lingayats maintain that Basava merely revived the
old true religion of Siva and founded nothing new.]

[Footnote 560: They have also a book called _Prabhuling-lila_, which
is said to teach that the deity ought to live in the believer's soul
as he lives in the lingam, and collections of early Kanarese sermons
which are said to date from the thirteenth century.]

[Footnote 561: The use of the Linga by this sect supports the view
that even in its origin the symbol is not exclusively phallic.]

[Footnote 562: Their creed is said to have been the state religion of
the Wodeyars of Mysore (1399-1600) and of the Nayaks of Keladi, Ikken
or Bednur (1550-1763).]

[Footnote 563: At Kadur, Ujjeni, Benares, Srisailam and Kedarnath in
the Himalayas. In every Lingayat vi