belief[935] that the fruit is thus directly affected by foreign
pollen; and I have received a similar statement with respect to {400}
the cucumber in England. It is known that grapes have been thus
affected in colour, size, and shape: in France a pale-coloured grape
had its juice tinted by the pollen of the dark-coloured Teinturier; in
Germany a variety bore berries which were affected by the pollen of two
adjoining kinds; some of the berries being only partially affected or
mottled.[936] As long ago as 1751[937] it was observed that, when
differently coloured varieties of maize grow near each other, they
mutually affect each other's seeds, and this is now a popular belief in
the United States. Dr. Savi[938] tried the experiment with care: he
sowed yellow and black-seeded maize together, and on the same ear some
of the seeds were yellow, some black, and some mottled,[939] the
differently coloured seeds being arranged in rows or irregularly. Mr.
Sabine states[940] that he has seen the form of the nearly globular
seed-capsule of _Amaryllis vittata_ altered by the application of the
pollen of another species, of which the capsule has gibbous angles. Mr.
J. Anderson Henry[941] crossed _Rhododendron Dalhousiae_ with the pollen
of _R. Nuttallii_, which is one of the largest-flowered and noblest
species of the genus. The largest pod produced by the former species,
when fertilised with its own pollen, measured 1-2/8 inch in length and
11/2 in girth; whilst three of the pods which had been fertilised by
pollen of _R. Nuttallii_ measured 1-5/8 inch in length and no less than
2 inches in girth. Here we see the effect of foreign pollen apparently
confined to increasing the size of the ovarium; but we must be cautious
in assuming, as the following case shows, that in this instance size
has been directly transferred from the male parent to the capsule of
the female plant. Mr. Henry fertilised _Arabis blepharophylla_ with
pollen of _A. Soyeri_, and the pods thus produced, of which he was so
kind as to send me detailed measurements and sketches, were much larger
in all their dimensions than those naturally produced by either the
male or female parent-species. In a future chapter we shall see {401}
that the organs of vegetation in hybrid plants, independently of the
character of either parent, are sometimes de