Treatise, edit. 1858, p. 78.

[312] In an analogous, but converse, manner, certain natural groups of the
Columbidae, from being more terrestrial in their habits than other allied
groups, have larger feet. _See_ Prince Bonaparte's 'Coup-d'oeil sur l'Ordre
des Pigeons.'

[313] It perhaps deserves notice that besides these five birds two of the
eight were barbs, which, as I have shown, must be classed in the same group
with the long-beaked carriers and runts. Barbs may properly be called
short-beaked carriers. It would, therefore, appear as if, during the
reduction of their beaks, their wings had retained a little of that excess
of length which is characteristic of their nearest relations and
progenitors.

[314] Temminck, 'Hist. Nat. Gen. des Pigeons et des Gallinaces,' tom. i.,
1813, p. 170.

[315] This term was used by John Hunter for such differences in structure
between the males and females, as are not directly connected with the act
of reproduction, as the tail of the peacock, the horns of deer, &c.

[316] Temminck, 'Hist. Nat. Gen. des Pigeons,' &c., tom. i. p. 191.

[317] I have heard through Sir C. Lyell from Miss Buckley, that some
half-bred carriers kept during many years near London regularly settled by
day on some adjoining trees, and, after being disturbed in their loft by
their young being taken, roosted on them at night.

[318] 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.,' 2nd ser., vol. xx., 1857, p. 509;
and in a late volume of the Journal of the Asiatic Society.

[319] In works written on the pigeon by fanciers I have sometimes observed
the mistaken belief expressed that the species which naturalists call
ground-pigeons (in contradistinction to arboreal pigeons) do not perch and
build on trees. In these same works wild species resembling the chief
domestic races are often said to exist in various parts of the world, but
such species are quite unknown to naturalists.

[320] Sir E. Schomburgk, in 'Journal R. Geograph. Soc.,' vol. xiii., 1844,
p. 32.

[321] Rev. E. S. Dixon, 'Ornamental Poultry,' 1848, pp. 63, 66.

[322] Proc. Zoolog. Soc., 1859, p. 400.

[323] Temminck, 'Hist. Nat. Gen. des Pigeons,' tom. i.; also 'Les Pigeons,'
par Mad. Knip and Temminck. Bonaparte however, in his 'Coup-d'oeil,'
believes that two closely allied species are confounded together under this
name. The _C. leucocephala_ of the West Indies is stated by Temminck to be
a rock-pigeon; but I am informed by Mr. Gosse that this is an