e relative clause limits the meaning of the antecedent, but does
not explain it and does not add a new thought, the comma is not used.

He did only that which he was told to do.

7. To separate parenthetical or intermediate expressions from the
context.

The school, you may be glad to know, is very successful.
The books, which I have read, are returned with gratitude.
He was pleased, I suppose, with his work.

If the connection of such expressions is so close as to form one
connected idea the comma is not used.

The press nearest the south window is out of order.

If the connection of such expressions is remote, parentheses are used.

The Committee (appointed under vote of April 10, 1909) organized and
proceeded with business.

8. To separate the co-ordinate clauses of compound sentences if such
clauses are simple in construction and closely related.

He was kind, not indulgent, to his men; firm, but just, in
discipline; courteous, but not familiar, to all.

9. To separate quotations, or similar brief expressions from the
preceding part of the sentence.

Caesar reported to the Senate, "I came, I saw, I conquered."
The question is, What shall we do next?

10. To indicate the omission of the verb in compound sentences having a
common verb in several clauses.

One man glories in his strength, another in his wealth, another in
his learning.

11. To separate phrases containing the case absolute from the rest of
the sentence.

The form having been locked up, a proof was taken.

12. Between words or phrases in apposition to each other.

I refer to DeVinne, the great authority on Printing.

The comma is omitted when such an apposition is used as a single phrase
or a compound name.

The poet Longfellow was born in Portland.
The word _patriotic_ is now in extensive use.

13. After phrases and clauses which are placed at the beginning of a
sentence by inversion.

Worn out by hard wear, the type at last became unfit for use.
Ever since, he has been fond of celery.

The comma is omitted if the phrase thus used is very short.

Of success there could be no doubt.

14. Introductory phrases beginning with _if_, _when_, _wherever_,
_whenever_, and the like should generally be separated from the rest of
the sentence by a comma, even when the statement may appear to be
direct.

When a plain query has not been answered, it is