LTD.)
27. A ROW OF MODERN WARPING MILLS.
28. POWER CHAIN OR WARP LINKING MACHINE
29. WINDING-ON OR DRY BEAMING MACHINE
30. A MODERN YARN--DRESSING MACHINE WITH SIX STEAM-HEATED CYLINDERS
31. DRESSING MACHINE FOR PREPARING TWO WARPS SIMULTANEOUSLY
32, SIX DISTINCT KINDS OF TYPICAL JUTE FABRICS
33. POINT-PAPER DESIGNS SHOWING WEAVES FOR VARIOUS CLOTHS.
34. DIAGRAMMATIC VIEWS OF THE STRUCTURE OF PLAIN CLOTH
35. WEAVING SHED WITH BELT-DRIVEN LOOMS.
36. LOOMS DRIVEN WITH INDIVIDUAL MOTORS
37. BOBBY LOOM
38. BRUSSELS AND WILTON CARPET LOOM
39. THE OLD WAY
40. THE NEW WAY
41. CROPPING MACHINE AT WORK
42. DOUBLE CROPPING MACHINE
43. DAMPING MACHINE
44. CALENDER
45. HYDRAULIC MANGLE
46. FOLDING, LAPPING OR PLEATING MACHINE
47. CRISPING, CREASING OR RIGGING MACHINE
48, SEMI-MECHANICAL BAG OR SACK CUTTING MACHINE
49. OVERHEAD (LAING) SACK SEWING MACHINE.
50. SACK PRINTING MACHINE.

THE JUTE INDUSTRY

FROM SEED TO FINISHED CLOTH

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY

The five main fibres used for ordinary textile purposes are cotton,
flax, jute, silk and wool; in this group jute has been considered in
general as being of the least value, not only in regard to price,
but also in regard to utility. It is only under phenomenal
conditions which arise from a great upheaval such as that which took
place during the world's great war from 1914 onwards that, from a
commercial point of view, the extreme importance of the jute fibre
and its products are fully realized. Millions of sand bags were made
from the year 1914 to the year 1918 solely for military purposes,
while huge quantities of jute cloth were utilized as the covering
material for food stuffs of various kinds, thus liberating the other
textile fibres and cloth for equally important purposes. It is on
record that in one short period of fourteen days, 150,000,000
sand-bags were collected, packed and despatched from Dundee to be
used as protective elements in various ways and seats of conflict.

A glance into the records of the textile industries will reveal the
fact that the jute fibre was practically unknown in these islands a
hundred years ago. Unsuccessful attempts were certainly made to
import the fibre into Great Britain in the latter part of the 18th
century, and it has been used in India for centuries in the making
of cord, twine and coarse fabrics, because the fibre is indigenous
to that country. And since all