is to be in the Attic style, let its height be so divided
that the upper part shall be one third part of the thickness of the
column, and the rest left for the plinth. Then, excluding the plinth,
let the rest be divided into four parts, and of these let one fourth
constitute the upper torus, and let the other three be divided equally,
one part composing the lower torus, and the other, with its fillets, the
scotia, which the Greeks call [Greek: trochilos].

3. But if Ionic bases are to be built, their proportions shall be so
determined that the base may be each way equal in breadth to the
thickness of a column plus three eighths of the thickness; its height
that of the Attic base, and so too its plinth; excluding the plinth, let
the rest, which will be a third part of the thickness of a column, be
divided into seven parts. Three of these parts constitute the torus at
the top, and the other four are to be divided equally, one part
constituting the upper trochilus with its astragals and overhang, the
other left for the lower trochilus. But the lower will seem to be
larger, because it will project to the edge of the plinth. The astragals
must be one eighth of the trochilus. The projection of the base will be
three sixteenths of the thickness of a column.

[Illustration: THE IONIC ORDER ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH THE
ORDER OF THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS

The difference between the Roman and the Greek relation of the
baluster-side of the capital to the echinus is to be noted.]

4. The bases being thus finished and put in place, the columns are to be
put in place: the middle columns of the front and rear porticoes
perpendicular to their own centre; the corner columns, and those which
are to extend in a line from them along the sides of the temple to the
right and left, are to be set so that their inner sides, which face
toward the cella wall, are perpendicular, but their outer sides in the
manner which I have described in speaking of their diminution. Thus, in
the design of the temple the lines will be adjusted with due regard to
the diminution.

5. The shafts of the columns having been erected, the rule for the
capitals will be as follows. If they are to be cushion-shaped, they
should be so proportioned that the abacus is in length and breadth
equivalent to the thickness of the shaft at its bottom plus one
eighteenth thereof, and the height of the capital, including the
volutes, one half of that amount. The