, if they are exposed to bright
sunshine, or if they become chilled. Besides unprocessed crude petroleum,
processed petroleum from which the gasoline and other light hydrocarbons
have been removed may be utilized in the treatment of cattle for mange,
particularly sarcoptic mange. There are a number of proprietary brands of
crude-petroleum dips on the market, consisting of processed crude petroleum
with other substances added, mainly lighter oils to give the dip a suitable
consistency. In dipping cattle in crude-petroleum dips fill the vat with
water to within 1 foot or 18 inches of the dip line and then add the oil
until the surface is flush with the dip line. The oil floats on the water,
and as the animals pass through the vat their bodies become coated with
oil.

CHORIOPTIC MANGE.

Chorioptic mange, due to a species of mite different from that causing
common cattle mange, is confined almost entirely to the region at the root
of the tail and if not treated may persist for years. The treatment is the
same as for psoroptic mange.

SARCOPTIC MANGE.

Sarcoptic mange, frequently called "barn itch," is caused by a mite very
similar to that which causes itch in human beings. It commonly affects the
head and neck, but may also occur on various other parts of the body. Bulls
are particularly liable to be affected with this form of mange. Cattle may
become infected not only from other cattle, but also from horses, goats,
dogs, sheep, and hogs. As a rule sarcoptic mange in any species of animal,
if acquired from an animal of another species, is likely to run a short
course and tend toward a spontaneous recovery.

The treatment likely to be most efficacious is that of dipping in a
crude-petroleum dip, one treatment as a rule being sufficient. If
lime-sulphur dip is used, four or five successive treatments, or even
more, at weekly intervals, may be necessary before a cure is effected.

DEMODECTIC MANGE.

Demodectic mange, which is caused by a small parasite that lives in the
hair follicles, causing pustules, especially on the neck and shoulders,
occurs occasionally among cattle in this country and is of importance on
account of the injury to the hide. When tanned, hides infested by this
parasite are pitted, the pits, in some cases, being so deep that they form
holes. No practicable treatment is known for this disease.

TICKS.[18]

About 10 species of ticks have been reported as parasites of cattle in the
United S