le
should be supplied with water from wells, springs, or flowing streams,
preferably in tanks or troughs raised above the ground. To a slight degree
salt serves to protect cattle against infection with internal parasites,
and plenty of it should therefore be kept accessible.

Affected animals should be isolated from the rest of the herd in hospital
pens or pastures. A plentiful supply of nourishing feed is an important
factor in enabling cattle to withstand the attacks of stomach worms and
other intestinal parasites. The stabling of cattle, with the maintenance of
clean and sanitary surroundings and liberal feeding, will often stop losses
from internal parasites, even though no medicinal treatment is given.

_Medicinal treatment._--In dosing animals for stomach worms it is advisable
to treat not only the animals which are seriously affected, but the rest of
the herd as well, since the parasites with which they are infested will
remain as a source of reinfection to the others. The cattle should be
removed to fresh pasture after treatment, if possible.

The animals to be treated should be deprived of feed for 12 to 16, or even
24, hours before they are dosed, and if the bluestone treatment is used
should receive no water on the day they are dosed until several hours after
dosing. In drenching, a long-necked bottle or a drenching tube may be used.
In case the former is used the dose to be given may be first measured off,
poured into the bottle, and the point marked on the outside with a file, so
that subsequent doses may be measured in the bottle itself. A simple form
of drenching tube (fig. 16) consists of a piece of rubber tubing about 3
feet long and one-half inch in diameter, with an ordinary tin funnel
inserted in one end and a piece of brass or iron tubing 4 to 6 inches long,
of suitable diameter, inserted in the other end. In use the metal tube is
placed in the animal's mouth between the back teeth, and the dose is poured
into the funnel, which is either held by an assistant or fastened to a
post. The flow of liquid through the tube is controlled by pinching the
rubber tubing near the point of union with the metal tube. It is important
not to raise the animal's head too high on account of the danger of the
dose entering the lungs. The nose should not be raised higher than the
level of the eyes. The animal may be dosed either standing on all fours or
lying on the side.

The position on all fours is preferred by som