marvellous energy they prepared to receive him.

[Footnote 492: _The Monk of Dunfermline_, in _Trial_, vol. v, p. 341.
Le Maire, _Antiquites_, pp. 283 _et seq._ Lottin, _Recherches_, vol.
i, pp. 160, 161.]

The walls, except those along the river, were devoid of breastwork;
but in the shops were stakes and cross-beams intended for the
manufacture of balustrades. These were put up on the fortifications to
form parapets, with barbicans of a pent-house shape so as to provide
with cover the defenders firing from the walls.[493] At the entrance
to each suburb wooden barriers were erected, with a lodge for the
porter whose duty it was to open and shut them. On the tops of the
ramparts and in the towers were seventy-one pieces of artillery,
including cannons and mortars, without counting culverins. The quarry
of Montmaillard, three leagues from the town, produced stones which
were made into cannon balls. At great expense there were brought into
the city lead, powder, and sulphur which the women prepared for use in
the cannons and culverins. Every day there were manufactured in
thousands, arrows, darts, stacks of bolts,[494] armed with iron points
and feathered with parchment, numbers of _pavas_, great shields made
of pieces of wood mortised one into the other and covered with
leather. Corn, wine, and cattle were purchased in great quantities
both for the inhabitants and the men-at-arms, the King's men, and
adventurers who were expected.[495]

[Footnote 493: Jollois, _Histoire du siege_, p. 6. Lottin,
_Recherches_, vol. i, pp. 202-205.]

[Footnote 494: An arrow shot from the long-bow, the feathers of the
arrow were spirally arranged to produce a spinning movement in its
flight (W.S.).]

[Footnote 495: The accounts of the fortresses, in _Journal du siege_,
pp. 301 _et seq._ Jollois, _Histoire du siege_, p. 12. P. Mantellier,
_Histoire du siege_, pp. 15-17. Loiseleur, _Comptes des depenses
faites par Charles VII pour secourir Orleans pendant le siege de
1428_, Orleans, 1868, in 8vo, p. 113. Boucher de Molandon et de
Beaucorps, _L'armee anglaise vaincue par Jeanne d'Arc_, p. 81.]

By a jealously guarded privilege the inhabitants had the right of
defending the ramparts. According to their trades they were divided
into as many companies as there were towers. Thus defending themselves
they had the right to refuse to admit any garrison within the walls.
They held to this right because it delivered them from the pillage,
the ra