was effected at Alexandria by a Frankish fleet under Peter I.
of Cyprus, which presently took possession of the city; the Franks were
speedily compelled to embark again after plundering the city, for which
compensation was afterwards demanded by Yelbogha from the Christian
population of Egypt and Syria. Alexandria was further made the seat of a
viceroy, having previously only had a prefect. On the 11th of December
1366 Yelbogha was himself attacked by the sultan, captured and slain.
His successor in the office of first minister was a mere tool in the
hands of his Mamelukes, who compelled him to institute and depose
governors, &c., at their pleasure. In 1374 the Egyptians raided Cilicia
and captured Leo VI., prince of Lesser Armenia, which now became an
Egyptian province with a Moslem governor. On the 15th of March 1377 the
sultan was murdered by the Mamelukes, owing to his refusing a largess of
money which they demanded. The infant son of the late sultan _'Ali_, a
lad of eight years, was proclaimed with the title _Malik al-Mansur_; the
power was in the hands of the ministers Kartai and Ibek, the latter of
whom overthrew the former with the aid of his own Mamelukes, Berekeh and
Barkuk. An insurrection in Syria which spread to Egypt presently caused
the fall of Ibek, and led to the occupation of the highest posts by the
Circassian freedmen Berekeh and Barkuk, of whom the latter ere long
succeeded in ousting the former and usurping the sultan's place; on the
19th of May 1381, when the sultan 'Ali died, his place was given to an
infant brother Hajji, but on the 26th of November 1382, _Barkuk_ set
this child aside and had himself proclaimed sultan (with the title
_Malik al-Zahir_), thereby ending the Bahri dynasty and commencing that
of the Circassians. For a short period, however, Hajji was restored,
when on the 1st of June 1389 Cairo was taken by Yelbogha, governor of
Damascus, and Barkuk expelled; Hajji reigned at first under the
guardianship of Yelbogha, who was then overthrown by Mintash; Barkuk,
who had been relegated to Kerak, succeeded in again forming a party, and
in a battle fought at Shakhab, January 1390, succeeded in gaining
possession of the person of the sultan Hajji, and on the 21st of January
he was again proclaimed sultan in Cairo.

Timur in Syria.

Wars with European Powers.

(7) _Period of Burji Mamelukes._--Barkuk presently entered into
relations with the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I., and by slayin