inues till Jay's Treaty 69

Not a wrong to the United States, though an injury 70

Naval impotence of the United States 71

Dependence on Portugal against Barbary pirates 72

Profit of Great Britain from this impotence 74

Apparent success of Sheffield's trade policy, 1783-1789 75

Increase of British navigation 75

American counteractive legislation after the adoption of the
Constitution 76

Report of the committee of the British Privy Council on this
subject, 1790 77

Aggressive spirit of the Navigation Acts 79

Change of conditions through American navigation laws 80

Recommendations of the British committee 81

Effects of the French Revolution 85

Collapse of French colonial system 85

Failure of Sheffield's policy, in supplying the West Indies
from Canada 86

Great Britain's war necessities require aid of American shipping 86

Her resolve to deprive France of the same aid 88

Consequent lawless measures towards American ships and commerce 88

Jay's mission.--Impressment not mentioned in his instructions 88

CHAPTER III

FROM JAY'S TREATY TO THE ORDERS IN COUNCIL, 1794-1807

Arbitrary war measures of Great Britain, 1793 89

Rule of 1756 90

Peculiar relation of the United States to this Rule 92

Jay's arrival in London 93

Characteristics of his negotiations 94

Great Britain concedes direct trade with West Indies 95

Rejection of this article by the Senate, on account of
accompanying conditions 96

Concession nevertheless continued by British order 97

Reasons for this tolerance 97

Conditions of trade from Jay's mission to the Peace of 1801 97

No concession of the principle of the Rule of 1756