ing beasts, which had in their youth
a supply of oil-cake, or its equivalent, invariably store up a larger
portion of their food than those which had been reared on hay and roots
only.

Mr. George Stodart, of Cultercullen, an Aberdeenshire farmer, describes,
in the _Irish Farmer's Gazette_, his method of rearing calves:--

I occupy (says Mr. Stodart) a farm of 380 acres. I usually rear
twenty-four calves yearly, and buy in sixteen one-year-olds.
I generally breed from cross cows (the same as mentioned above),
served by a pure Shorthorn bull. When the calves are dropped I put
two calves to suck one cow for six months. In autumn, spring calves
are put into the house upon turnips and straw, with about 1 lb. of
oil-cake per day to each, until they are put out to grass in spring
following, at which time they are one year old. Then, of course,
they have grass in summer, and at the approach of winter they are
again housed upon turnips and straw, which bring them to be two
years old in spring. Now they are sent out to the best grass, and
again brought into the house at the beginning of September, and
fed on turnips and straw until the end of November or middle of
December, when they usually fetch from L25 to L32 a-head. This
year (1864), however, they will average L32. a-head. Before selling
I give each 3-1/2 lbs. of oil-cake per day for six weeks, and during
this time they have swede turnips; at other times yellow. We give as
much turnips at all times as they can eat.

Mr. Bowick, in his excellent paper on the rearing of calves, published
in the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, gives the following
information on this subject:--

We consider it desirable to allow the calf to remain with its
dam for the first three or four days after calving.

Not much trouble is generally experienced in getting it to take
to the pail. We find it better to miss the evening's meal, and
next morning a very little attention induces the majority of them
to partake of what is set before them. At most the guidance of the
fingers may be wanted for the first meal or two.

As regards the quantity of milk which is needful to keep a
moderately bred Shorthorn calf in a thriving condition, we have
found the following allowance to come pretty near the mark,
although the appetite of calves varies, both in individuals and
at