y are sold
to the butcher during the months of March and April, when they
weigh, on an average, 90 stones of 8 lbs. per bullock, and under
two years and six months old. At this season of the year beef
generally makes 5s. per stone--we often make 9s.--but taking that
as an average would make the value of each beast L22 10s. The cost
of keeping to this age will be as follows:--

L s. d.

One calf 2 0 0
Milk, &c., nine weeks 1 5 0
Cake, grass, &c., forty-three weeks, at 1s. 6d. 3 4 6
Second year, November till May, cake, flour,
roots, &c., 2s. 6d. per week, for twenty-six weeks 3 5 0
May till November, grass, twenty-six weeks, at 2s. 6d. 3 5 0
Third year, November till April, twenty weeks, at 8s. 8 0 0
---------
L20 19 6

Which leaves a gain to each animal of L1 10s. 6d., besides the
manure.

_Shelter of Stock._--The great diminution of temperature, and the
falling off in the supply of herbage, that are coincident with the
close of the autumn, render it necessary to remove our cattle from the
open fields, and provide them with some sort of shelter during the
winter months and early part of the spring.

The particular period at which this change of quarters takes place of
course varies, and is, in fact, altogether dependent upon the character
of the season. There are some years in which there is, so to speak, a
kind of relapse of the summer, November being bright and warm, instead
of, as is usually the case, cold and foggy. In such a year there is some
herbage to be picked up until the very end of December. On the other
hand, the latter part of October is often very wet, and October frosts
are by no means uncommon. Tempestuous, biting winds in November, or
torrents of rain, or both, tell severely upon the poor animals in the
fields, even where there is abundance of herbage; and hence, should such
weather take place at the latter part of October, the true economy would
be to remove the animals at once to sheltered places.

Nothing lowers the temperature of the surface so rapidly as a cold wind.
Captain Parry, one of the explorers of the Arctic regions,