hstanding the
recent Schmalkaldic War, the total numbers had risen to 2000, and this
number was well maintained throughout the century.

Erfurt, remaining Catholic in a Protestant region, declined more
rapidly and permanently. In the year 1520-21 there were 311
matriculations, in the following year 120, in the next year 72, and
five years later only 14. Between 1521 to 1530 the number of students
fell at Rostock from 123 to 33, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder from 73 to 32.
Rostock, however, recovered after a reorganization in 1532. The number
of students at Greifswald declined so that no lectures were given
during the period 1527-39, after which it again began to pick up.
Koenigsberg, starting with 314 students later fell off. Cologne
declined in numbers, and so did Mayence until the Jesuits founded their
college in 1561, which, by 1568, had 500 pupils recognized as members
of the university. Vienna, also, having sunk to the number of 12
students in 1532, kept at a {671} very low ebb until 1554, when the
effects of the Jesuit revival were felt. Whereas, during the fifteen
years 1508-22 there were 6485 matriculations at Leipzig, during the
next fifteen years there were only 1935. By the end of the century,
however, Leipzig had again become, under Protestant leadership, a large
institution.

[Sidenote: British universities]

Two new universities were founded in the British Isles during the
century, Edinburgh in 1582 and Trinity College, Dublin, in 1591. In
England a number of colleges were added to those already existing at
Oxford and Cambridge, namely Christ Church (first known, after its
founder, Wolsey, as Cardinal's College, then as King's College),
Brasenose, and Corpus Christi at Oxford and St. John's, Magdalen, and
Trinity at Cambridge. Notwithstanding these new foundations the number
of students sank. During the years 1542-8, only 191 degrees of B.A.
were given at Cambridge and only 172 at Oxford. Ascham is authority
for the statement that things were still worse under Mary, when "the
wild boar of the wood" either "cut up by the root or trod down to the
ground" the institutions of learning. The revenues of the universities
reached their low-water mark about 1547, when the total income of
Oxford from land was reckoned at L5 and that of Cambridge at L50, per
annum. Under Elizabeth, the universities rose in numbers, while better
Latin and Greek were taught. It was at this time that a college
education bec