n revolution and live in abject poverty. Industry
has benefited from a partial liberalization of controls. The growth rate
of the service sector has also been strong. India, however, has been
challenged more recently by much lower foreign exchange reserves, higher
inflation, and a large debt service burden.

_#_GNP: $254 billion, per capita $300; real growth rate 4.5% (1990
est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10.0% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 20% (1990 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $34 billion; expenditures $54 billion, including
capital expenditures of $13.3 billion (FY91)

_#_Exports: $17.0 billion (f.o.b., FY90);

commodities--gems and jewelry, engineering goods, clothing,
textiles, chemicals, tea, coffee, fish products;

partners--EC 25%, US 19%, USSR and Eastern Europe 17%, Japan 10%

_#_Imports: $24.8 billion (c.i.f., FY90);

commodities--petroleum, capital goods, uncut gems and jewelry,
chemicals, iron and steel, edible oils;

partners--EC 33%, Middle East 19%, Japan 10%, US 9%, USSR and
Eastern Europe 8%

_#_External debt: $69.8 billion (1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 8.4% (1990); accounts
for about 25% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 70,000,000 kW capacity; 245,000 million kWh produced,
290 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machinery,
transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures, mining, petroleum,
power, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics

_#_Agriculture: accounts for about 30% of GNP and employs 67% of
labor force; self-sufficient in food grains; principal crops--rice,
wheat, oilseeds, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes;
livestock--cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry; fish catch of
about 3 million metric tons ranks among the world's top 10 fishing
nations

_#_Illicit drugs: licit producer of opium poppy for the
pharmaceutical trade, but some opium is diverted to illicit
international drug markets; major transit country for illicit narcotics
produced in neighboring countries

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4
billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1980-88), $20.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $315 million;
USSR (1970-89), $11.6 billion; Eastern Europe (1970-89), $105 million

_#_Currency: Indian rupee (plural--rupees);
1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise

_#_Exchange rates: Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1--18.329