y: 9,902,000 kW capacity; 20,000 million kWh produced,
1,110 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials,
food processing

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 11% of GNP but 30% of labor
force; principal products--wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, other
fruit, cotton, wool; livestock--cattle, sheep; not self-sufficient in
food output

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $3
million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-88), $627 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1980-90), more than $30
billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.9 billion

_#_Currency: Iraqi dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000
fils

_#_Exchange rates: Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1--0.3109 (fixed rate
since 1982)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 2,962 km total; 2,457 km 1.435-meter standard gauge,
505 km 1.000-meter gauge

_#_Highways: 25,479 km total; 8,290 km paved, 5,534 km improved earth,
11,655 km unimproved earth

_#_Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab usually navigable by
maritime traffic for about 130 km, but closed since September 1980
because of Iran-Iraq war; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft
steamers (of little importance); Shatt al Basrah canal navigable in
sections by shallow-draft vessels

_#_Ports: Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, Al Basrah

_#_Merchant marine: 43 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 944,253
GRT/1,691,368 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 17 cargo,
1 refrigerated cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 19 petroleum, oils, and
lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker; note--since the 2 August 1990
invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces, Iraq has sought to register at least
part of its merchant fleet under convenience flags; none of the Iraqi
flag merchant fleet was trading internationally as of 1 January 1991

_#_Pipelines: crude oil, 4,350 km; 725 km refined products; 1,360 km
natural gas

_#_Civil air: 64 major transport aircraft (including 30 IL-76s
used by the Iraq Air Force)

_#_Airports: 111 total, 102 usable; 73 with permanent-surface runways;
9 with runways over 3,659 m; 52 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 15 with
runways 1,220-2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: good network consists of coaxial cables, radio
relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 632,000 telephones;
stations--9 AM, 1 FM, 81 TV; satellite earth sta