sult, Finland must
increase its competitiveness in certain sectors, for example, textiles,
foodstuffs, paper, and metals, and has already begun to shift trade
westward. Finland, as a member of EFTA, is negotiating a European
Economic Area arrangement with the EC which would allow for free
movement of capital, goods, services, and labor within the organization.

_#_GDP: $77.3 billion, per capita $15,500; real growth rate - 0.1%
(1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.0% (1991 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: 5.7% (1991 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $35.1 billion; expenditures $33.1 billion,
including capital expenditures of $1.4 billion (1990)

_#_Exports: $23.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities--timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, clothing and
footwear;

partners--EC 44.0% (UK 12.0%, FRG 10.8%), USSR 14.5%, Sweden 14.3%,
US 6.4%

_#_Imports: $24.4 billion (c.i.f., 1989);

commodities--foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products,
chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn
and fabrics, fodder grains;

partners--EC 44.5% (FRG 17.3%, UK 6.6%), Sweden 13.6%, USSR 11.5%,
US 6.3%

_#_External debt: $5.3 billion (1989)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 3.0% (1991 est.); accounts
for 28% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 13,324,000 kW capacity; 49,330 million kWh produced,
9,940 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood
processing (pulp, paper), copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals,
textiles, clothing

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 8% of GNP (including forestry); livestock
production, especially dairy cattle, predominates; forestry is an
important export earner and a secondary occupation for the rural
population; main crops--cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85%
self-sufficient, but short of food and fodder grains; annual fish catch
about 160,000 metric tons

_#_Economic aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.7
billion

_#_Currency: markka (plural--markkaa); 1 markka (FMk) or
Finmark = 100 pennia

_#_Exchange rates: markkaa (FMk) per US$1--3.6421 (January 1991),
3.8235 (1990), 4.2912 (1989), 4.1828 (1988), 4.3956 (1987), 5.0695
(1986), 6.1979 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*_Communications
_#_Railroads: 5,924 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a
total of 5,863 km 1.524-meter gauge, of which 480 km are multiple track
and 1,445 km are electrified

_