d's largest coca leaf producer with about
115,300 hectares under cultivation in 1995; source of supply for
most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of
coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is
shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for
the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are
increasing

Exports: $5.6 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts,
lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton
partners: US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany

Imports: $7.4 billion (f.o.b., 1995 est.)
commodities: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum,
iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
partners: US 21%, Colombia, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil

External debt: $22.4 billion (1994 est.)

Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $363 million (1993)

Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos

Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.350 (January 1996),
2.253 (1995), 2.195 (1994), 1.988 (1993), 1.246 (1992), 0.773 (1991)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 2,041 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 315 km 0.914-m gauge (1994)

Highways:
total: 69,942 km
paved: 13,538 km
unpaved: 56,404 km (1987 est.)

Waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and
208 km of Lago Titicaca

Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids
64 km

Ports: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado,
Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas
note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches
of the Amazon and its tributaries

Merchant marine:
total: 9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 77,584 GRT/144,030 DWT
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 7 (1995 est.)

Airports:
total: 230
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 5
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 15
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 12
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 6
with paved runways under 914 m: 96
with unpaved runways over 3 047 m: 1
with unpaved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 2
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 22
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 71 (1995 est.)

Communications
--------------

Telephones: 779,306 (1990 est.)

Telephone system: adequate for most requirements
domestic: nat