local and State offices, was elected to the Forty-second
Congress, and on February 15, 1874, became a trial justice at
Charleston.--_Biographical Congressional Directory_, p. 497.

[3] Joseph H. Rainey was born of slave parents at Georgetown, S. C.,
June 21, 1832. He received a limited education. After following the
trade of a barber, he was compelled, in 1862, to work on Confederate
fortifications. From this work he escaped, going to the West Indies,
where he remained till the end of the war. Upon his return to the
United States, he entered politics. He served in the 42nd, 43rd, 44th,
and 45th Congresses, and died at Georgetown, S. C., August 1,
1887.--_Biographical Congressional Directory_, p. 757.

[4] Alonzo J. Ransier was born at Charleston, South Carolina, January
3, 1836. He received a limited education, entered politics, and held
various offices. In 1868, he was a presidential elector, casting a
vote for Grant and Colfax, while four years later he was a delegate to
the Republican National Convention. He served as a member of
the 42nd Congress and died at Charleston, S. C., August 17,
1882.--_Biographical Congressional Directory_, p. 759.

[5] Robert Smalls was born a slave at Beaufort, South Carolina, April
5, 1839. Debarred by statute from attending school, he availed himself
of such limited educational advantages as he could secure. In 1851, he
moved to Charleston, worked as a rigger, and thereafter led a
seafaring life. In 1861, he became connected with the _Planter_, a
steamer plying in the Charleston Harbor as a transport, which he took
over the Charleston bar in 1862 and delivered with his services to the
commander of the United States blockading squadron. He was appointed a
pilot in the Quartermaster's Department of the United States Navy, and
remained in the service till 1866, and meanwhile rose to the rank of
Captain. In 1868 he entered politics and was later elected to the
44th, 45th, 47th, 48th, and 49th Congresses. In the State militia
of South Carolina, he held successively the commands of
lieutenant-colonel, brigadier-general, and major-general, the latter
terminating with the reorganization of the militia in 1877. Mr. Smalls
was a delegate to several National Republican Conventions. His
last public office was that of collector of the port of
Beaufort.--_Biographical Congressional Directory_, p. 803.

[6] John R. Lynch of Natchez, Mississippi, was born in Concordia
Parish, Louisiana, September