and use hot.

NOTE.--Borax in starch gives greater gloss and
increases the stiffness. It also gives more
lasting stiffness. Lard, butter, or wax is used
to give a smoother finish and to prevent the
starch from sticking to the iron.

LESSON II

PREPARATION FOR WASHING WHITE LINEN OR COTTON CLOTHES

1. Sort the clothes: (1) Table linen and clean towels
(2) Bed and body linen
(3) Handkerchiefs
(4) Soiled towels and cloths.
2. Mend the clothes.
3. Remove stains.
4. Look after necessary materials.

PROCESS OF WASHING WHITE LINEN OR COTTON CLOTHES

_Steps_ _Method_

1. Soaking:

Wet the clothes; rub the soiled parts with soap
and roll each article separately; pack in a
tub, placing the clothing most soiled at the
bottom; cover with warm soapy water and soak
from one hour to over night.

The soaking softens and loosens the fibres of
fabrics, so that the foreign matter in them can
be more easily separated. It also dissolves the
soluble impurities in the fabrics.

2. Rubbing:

Wring the clothes out of the soaking water, and
place them in a tub of clean warm water or
soap-suds; rub the soiled parts first on one
side and then on the other, using the knuckles,
a washboard, or a washing-machine. When each
piece is clean, wring it tightly.

The rubbing scrapes or rubs out the foreign
matter which has been loosened by the soaking.

3. Rinsing:

Shake out each piece and put it into a tub of
clear water; rub, and move about in the water
to get rid of any soiled water that the clothes
may contain; wring tightly.

4. Boiling:

Shake out each piece and place it in a boiler
of cold water with or without soap; bring to
boiling heat, and boil briskly for twenty
minutes.

The boiling kills any germs and assists in
whitening the clothes.

5. Rinsing:

Lift the clothes from the boiling water by
means of a clothes stick and place them in a
tub of clear, cold water; proceed as in the
first rinsing.

6. Blueing:

Open out each piece and place one or two at a
time in a tub