es, and that these
creatures would not afterwards walk as they do now, painfully on
both hands and feet.

"Also, if these same individuals should cease using their jaws for
biting in self-defence, tearing or seizing, or using them like
nippers in cutting leaves for food, and should they only be used in
chewing food, there is no doubt that their facial angle would become
higher, that their muzzle would become shorter and shorter, and that
in the end this being entirely effaced, their incisor teeth would
become vertical.

"Now supposing that a race of _Quadrumana_, as for example the most
perfect, had acquired, by habits constant in every individual, the
structure I have just described, and the power of standing erect and
of walking upright, and that as the result of this it had come to
dominate the other races of animals, we should then conceive:

"1. That this race farther advanced in its faculties, having arrived
at the stage when it lords it over the others, will be spread over
the surface of the globe in every suitable place;

"2. That it will hunt the other higher races of animals and will
struggle with them for preeminence (_lui disputer les biens de la
terre_) and that it will force them to take refuge in regions which
it does not occupy;

"3. That being injured by the great multiplication of closely allied
races, and having banished them into forests or other desert places,
it will arrest the progress of improvement in their faculties, while
its own self, the ruler of the region over which it spreads, will
increase in population without hindrance on the part of others, and,
living in numerous tribes, will in succession create new needs which
should stimulate industry and gradually render still more perfect
its means and powers;

"4. That, finally, this preeminent race having acquired an absolute
supremacy over all the others, there arose between it and the
highest animals a difference and indeed a considerable interval.

"Thus the most perfect race of _Quadrumana_ will have been enabled
to become dominant, to change its habits as the result of the
absolute dominion which it will have assumed over the others, and
with its new needs, by progressively acquiring modifications in its
structure and its new and numerous powers, to keep within due limits
the most highly developed of the other races in the state to which
they had advanc