ll be _transforming_, not _selective_.

"This last view may seem somewhat bold to those readers who know
that Darwin, in his theory of selection, has almost entirely set
aside the direct transforming influence of external circumstances.
Yet he seems latterly to be disposed to admit that he had
undervalued the transforming as well as the selective influence of
external conditions; and it seems to me that his objection to the
idea of such an influence rested essentially on the method of his
argument, which seemed indispensable for setting his theory of
selection and his hypothesis as to the transformation of species in
a clear light and on a firm footing" (p. 37).

Dr. H. de Varigny has carried on much farther the kind of experiments
begun by Semper. In his _Experimental Evolution_ he employs the
Lamarckian factors of environment and use and disuse, regarding the
selective factors as secondary.

The Lamarckian factors are also depended upon by the late Professor
Eimer in his works on the variation of the wall-lizard and on the
markings of birds and mammals (1881-88), his final views being comprised
in his general work.[240] The essence of his point of view may be seen
by the following quotation:

"According to my conception, the physical and chemical changes which
organisms experience during life through the action of the
environment, through light or want of light, air, warmth, cold,
water, moisture, food, etc., and which they transmit by heredity,
are the primary elements in the production of the manifold variety
of the organic world, and in the origin of species. From the
materials thus supplied the struggle for existence makes its
selection. These changes, however, express themselves simply as
growth" (p. 22).

In a later paper[241] Eimer proposes the term "orthogenesis," or direct
development, in rigorous conformity to law, in a few definite
directions. Although this is simply and wholly Lamarckism, Eimer claims
that it is not, "for," he strangely enough says, "Lamarck ascribed no
efficiency whatever to the effects of outward influences on the animal
body, and very little to their effects upon vegetable organisms."
Whereas if he had read his Lamarck carefully, he would have seen that
the French evolutionist distinctly states that the environment acts
directly on plants and the lower animals, but indirectly on those
animals with a brain, meaning the higher vertebrates. The s