righteousness in Britain's hands, and the inhabitants
of New Guinea yet unborn blessing her for her rule; if otherwise, God
help the British meanness, for they will rise to pronounce a curse on her
for ever!"

In 1883, the Queensland Government _did_ formally annex their huge
neighbour; but this act was subsequently repudiated by the Home
Government. Towards the end of 1884, it was decided to announce a formal
protectorate over a large portion of the southern shores of New Guinea.

[Boevagi. Chief of Port Moresby: 19.jpg]

The official ceremony took place on Nov. 6th, 1884, at Port Moresby. Five
ships of war at once gave dignity to the proceeding by their presence,
and astonished the natives by their salutes. About fifty chiefs were
brought on board the Commodore's ship, the _Nelson_, by the Rev. W. G.
Lawes. To Boevagi, the chief of the Port Moresby tribe, was entrusted
the responsibility of upholding the authority and dignity of England in
the island. He was presented with an ebony stick, into the top of which
had been let a florin, with the Queen's head uppermost. Mr. Lawes
conveyed to Boevagi the meaning of the Commodore's words when he gave the
stick. "I present you with this stick, which is to be an emblem of your
authority; and all the tribes who are represented by the chiefs here are
to look to the holder of this stick. Boevagi, this stick represents the
Queen of England, and if at any time any of the people of these tribes
have any grievance or anything to say, they are, through the holder of
this stick, to make it known to the Queen's officers, in order that it
may be inquired into."

The formal protectorate was announced in the following terms:--

"To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting:--Whereas it has
become essential for the lives and properties of the native inhabitants
of New Guinea, and for the purpose of preventing the occupation of
portions of that country by persons whose proceedings, unsanctioned by
any lawful authority, might tend to injustice, strife, and bloodshed, and
who, under the pretence of legitimate trade and intercourse, might
endanger the liberties and possess themselves of the lands of such native
inhabitants, that a British protectorate should be established over a
certain portion of such country and the islands adjacent thereto; and
whereas Her Majesty, having taken into her gracious consideration the
urgent necessity of her protection to such inhabitants, ha