d for this article; it may produce African consequences
of incalculable importance to the whole human race. It is in France
hitherto that the great consumption of ground nut oil has occurred. It
is there used in the manufacture of soaps, which, though preferred
abroad, are little used in England--very much because of the Excise
laws. The specific gravity of the soap made out of ground nut oil is
higher than those laws permitted; in consequence we could neither make
it for our own use nor for foreign exportation; and thus France has
substantially the soap trade of the world. By the repeal of the duty,
England will be enabled to compete--in this, as in all other
trades--with France abroad."

The price, in Liverpool, for palm oil, in October, 1853, was L38 10s.
to L39 per ton.

We export annually nearly four million gallons of oil made from
linseed, hemp seed, and rape seed.

PALM OIL RETAINED FOR HOME CONSUMPTION
cwts.
1835 242,733
1836 234,357
1837 211,919
1838 272,991
1839 262,910
1840 314,881
1841 300,770
1842 353,672
1843 377,765
1844 363,335
1848 510,218
1849 493,331
1850 448,589
1851 493,598
1852 408,577

The quantity of the four principal vegetable oils annually imported
into Great Britain, is shown by the following figures:--

Palm oil. Coco-nut oil. Castor oil. Olive oil.
cwts. cwts. cwts. tuns.
1848 510,218 85,463 4,588 10,086
1849 493,331 64,452 9,681 16,964
1850 448,589 98,040 -- 20,738
1851 608,550 55,995 -- 11,503
1852 623,231 101,863 -- 8,898

THE OLIVE-TREE (_Olea Europea_).--There are several varieties of this
plant, two of which have been long distinguished--the wild and the
cultivated. The former is an evergreen shrub or low tree, with spiny
branches and round twigs; the latter is a taller tree, without
spines, and with four-angled twigs. The fruit is a drupe about the
size and color of a damson. Its fleshy pericarp yields by expression
olive oil, of which the finest comes from Provence and Florence.
Spanish or Castile soap is made by mixing olive oil and soda, while
soft s