ises
from the fact that in using it in the construction of a long
sentence, sufficient care is not taken to ensure that when _it_ is
employed it really points out or refers to the object intended. For
instance, "It was raining when John set out in his cart to go to the
market, and he was delayed so long that it was over before he
arrived." Now what is to be understood by this sentence? Was the
rain over? or the market? Either or both might be inferred from the
construction of the sentence, which, therefore, should be written
thus:--"It was raining when John set out in his cart to go to the
market, and he was delayed so long that the market was over before
he arrived."

5. _Rule_.--After writing a sentence always look through it, and see
that wherever the word It is employed, it refers to or carries the
mind back to the object which it is intended to point out.

6. The general distinction between _This_ and _That_ may be thus
defined: _this_ denotes an object present or near, in time or place,
_that_ something which is absent.

7. _These_ refers, in the same manner, to present objects, while
_those_ refers to things that are remote.

8. _Who_ changes, under certain conditions, into _whose_ and _whom_.
But _that_ and _which_ always remain the same.

9. _That_ may be applied to nouns or subjects of all sorts; as, the
_girl that_ went to school, the _dog that_ bit me, the _ship that_
went to London, the _opinion that_ he entertains.

10. The misuse of these pronouns gives rise to more errors in
speaking and writing than any other cause.

11. When you wish to distinguish between two or more persons, say,
"_Which_ is the happy man?"--not _who_--"_Which_ of those ladies do
you admire?"

12. Instead of "_Who_ do you think him to be?"--say, "_Whom_ do you
think him to be?"

13. _Whom_ should I see?

14. To _whom_ do you speak?

15. _Who_ said so?

16. _Who_ gave it to you?

17. Of _whom_ did you procure them?

18. _Who_ was _he_?

19. _Who_ do men say that _I_ am?

20. _Whom_ do they represent _me_ to be? [1]

21. In many instances in which _who_ is used as an interrogative, it
does not become _whom_; as "_Who_ do you speak to?" "_Who_ do you
expect?" "_Who_ is she married to?" "_Who_ is this reserved for?"
"_Who_ was it made by?" Such