_Life of Giordano Bruno_, and
_Philosophical History of the Prussian Academy_, _particularly under
Frederick the Great_, as well as the _Histoire critique des doctrines
religieuses de la philosophie moderne_, published in 2 volumes in 1855.

{236b} Madame Guyon (1648-1717) was born at Montargis in France, and her
maiden name was Jeanne Marie Bouvieres de la Mothe. She married at 16
years of age Jacques Guyon. Left a widow, she devoted herself to a
religious mysticism which raised up endless controversies during the
succeeding years. She was compelled to leave Geneva because her
doctrines were declared to be heretical. She was imprisoned in the
Bastile from 1695 to 1702. Her works are contained in 39 volumes.

{236c} Ritschl, Albrecht (1822-1889). Professor of Theology, born in
Berlin, died in Gottingen. Became Professor of Theology in Bonn and
later in Gottingen. He wrote many books. His _Die Entstehung der
altkatholischen Kirche_ first appeared in 1850.

{236d} Loening, Edgar (1843- still living), was born in Paris. Has held
professorial chairs at Strassburg, Dorpat, Rostock, and at Halle. His
_Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenrechts_ first appeared in 1878.

{237a} Baur, Ferdinand Christian (1792-1860). Born at Schmiden, near
Kannstatt. Held various theological chairs before that of Tubingen,
which he occupied from 1826 until his death. He wrote a great number of
theological works, of which his _Vorlesungen uber die christliche
Dogmengeschichte_ was published in Leipzig in 3 volumes between 1865 and
1867.

{237b} Fenelon, Francois de Salignac de la Mothe (1651-1715). Born in
Perigord in France, and famous alike as a divine and as a man of letters,
his _Telemaque_ living in literature. His controversy over Madame Guyon
is well known. Louis XIV made him preceptor to his grandson, the Duke of
Burgundy, and later Archbishop of Cambrai. His _Correspondence_ was
published between 1727 and 1729 in 11 volumes.

{237c} Newman, John Henry (1801-1890). A famous Cardinal of the Church
of Rome; born in London, educated at Trinity College, Oxford; first Vicar
of St. Mary's, Oxford; took part in the Tractarian Movement with some of
the _Tracts for the Times_. His _Apologia pro Vita Sua_ appeared in
1864, his _Dream of Gerontius_ in 1865. There is no _Theory of
Development_ by Newman. His _Essay on the Development of Christian
Doctrine_ appeared in 1845, and was replied to by the Rev. J. B. Mozley
in