troops to prepare
for the utmost pertinacity of defence, and forbidding, on pain of death,
the very word _surrender_ to be breathed within the walls of Ulm. On the
17th he signed articles by which hostilities were immediately to cease,
and he and all his men to surrender themselves prisoners of war within
ten days, unless some Austrian or Russian force should appear in the
interval, and attempt to raise the blockade. After signing this
document, Mack visited, in person, the headquarters of Napoleon; and,
whatever the nature of their conversation may have been, the result was,
a _revision_ of the treaty on the 19th, and the formal evacuation of Ulm
on the 20th. Twenty thousand soldiers filed off, and laid down their
arms before Napoleon and his staff.--Eighteen generals were dismissed on
parole; an immense quantity of ammunition of all sorts fell into the
hands of the victor; and a waggon filled with Austrian standards was
sent to gratify the vanity of the Parisians.

The catastrophe of Ulm, striking new terror into the Prussian counsels,
prevented the violation of the territory of Anspach from being
immediately followed by the declaration of war, for which Buonaparte
must have made up his mind when he hazarded that measure. Meantime
success had attended Massena in his advance from Lombardy towards the
Venetian states, where the Archduke Charles commanded an army of 60,000
men for Austria. The Archduke, after sustaining various reverses, was
forced to abandon Italy; and retreated, though slowly and leisurely,
before Massena, through the strong passes of the Carinthian mountains.

Nor had Marshal Ney, whom Napoleon had detached from his own main army
with orders to advance in the Tyrol, been less successful than Massena.
The Archduke John, who commanded in that province, was beaten like his
brother; and the outposts of the army of Massena from Italy and that of
Ney from the Upper Rhine, at length met and saluted in triumph at
Clagenfurt. The Archduke Charles, understanding how Ney was prospering
in the Tyrol, had given up the design of retreating by that way into
Germany, and proceeded through the Carinthian Mountains towards
Hungary. Prince John now followed his brother's example; and, the
remains of those two armies thus coalescing in a distant region, the
divisions of Ney and Messena came to be at the immediate disposal of
Napoleon, who was now concentrating his force for the purpose of
attacking Vienna.

While the