her internal regime, her territorial
subdivisions and circumscriptions, her regular or casual sources of
income, her teachings and her liturgy are definite things and fixed
limitations. No ecclesiastical assembly, Protestant, Catholic, or
Israelite, shall formulate or publish any doctrinal or disciplinary
decision without the government's approbation.[5148] No ecclesiastical
assembly, Protestant, Catholic, or Israelite, shall be held without the
approval of the government. All sacerdotal authorities, bishops and
cures, pastors and ministers of both Protestant confessions,
consistorial inspectors and presidents of the Augsbourg Confession,
notables of each Israelite circumscription, members of each Israelite
consistory, members of the central Israelite consistory, rabbis and
grand-rabbis, shall be appointed or accepted by the government and paid
by it through an executory" decision of its prefects. All the professors
of Protestant or Catholic seminaries shall be appointed and paid by the
government. Whatever the seminary, whether Protestant or Catholic, its
establishment, its regulations, its internal management, the object and
spirit of its studies, shall be submitted to the approval of the
government. In each cult, a distinct, formulated, official doctrine
shall govern the teaching, preaching, and public or special instruction
of every kind; this, for the Israelite cult, is" the doctrine expressed
by the decisions of the grand Sanhedrin";[5149] for the two Protestant
cults, the doctrine of the Confession of Augsbourg, taught in the two
seminaries of the East, and the doctrine of the Reformed Church taught
in the Genevan seminary;[5150] for the Catholic cult, the maxims of the
Gallican Church, the declaration, in 1682, of the assembly of the
clergy[5151] and the four famous propositions depriving the Pope of any
authority over sovereigns in temporal matters, subordinating the Pope to
ecumenical councils in ecclesiastical and spiritual concerns, and which,
in the government of the French Church, limit the authority of the Pope
to ancient usages or canons inherited by that Church and accepted by the
State.

In this way, the ascendancy of the State, in ecclesiastical matters,
increases beyond all measure and remains without any counterpoise.
Instead of one Church, it maintains four, while the principal one, the
Catholic, comprising 33 million followers, and more dependent than under
the old monarchy, loses the privileges